Finance and Accounting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Finance and Accounting - Term Paper ExampleSwissChoc SA (owned by a family friend) is wide-awake to give him exclusive rights to sell their products in the USA for a ten year period in return for an upfront payment. The distributor is an independent selling agent who has a contract to sell the products of a manufacturer. The distributor cannot represent him- or herself as the producer but may display the producers trade stir in signage and in the sales situation (US Legal, 2012). Since the information provided is not adequate, we have to make certain likely assumptions while working out the statements required in this respect. However, the lack of details in these aras is not materially going to affect the reliability of the statements. The assumptions made in this connection have been stated in the tale to enable the user to bring in additional details, if it is felt necessary to have a more(prenominal) detailed report on the project. There is uncertainty in the value front as the details accustomed with regard to prices at which the product could be sold are not specific. Instead George has given a price range with minimum and maximum prices for the products to be marketed. There are intemperateies in predicting the place prices due to interplay of the brands, price levels (cheap and costly with various price levels in between), market segments, tastes and flavors. Therefore, sensitivity analysis has been undertaken to set off impacts due to variations in price realization with justifications for adopting a particular method for working out the comely upfront fee payable to the manufacturer supplier SwissChoc SA and the return on investment that could be judge from the note venture of George. Cash flow statement for the first year of operations In The dictation I, Cash flow statement for the first year of the operations of Mr. George, while considering various factors contributing to the capital flow, both in flow and out flow we have made certain assumptions after guardedly considering various implications related to the business. Sale Price The sale price is considered at $ 135 per kilogram of the chocolate. This is the blind drunk price as per the price range given by George adopt for the purpose of our calculations. The mean price is worked out as below. Highest price = $ 150 Lowest price = $ 120 Average price adopted for calculation = (Highest price + Lowest price)/2 or (150 + 120) / 2 = 135. The chocolates are consumed mostly by the college and shoal going students. If the tastes and flavors are acceptable to them pricing is not going to be a prohibiting factor in taking a buying decision by them. Since George is an experienced person with business school scope along with his wife, his price estimates should be realistic. Moreover, the Swiss made chocolates are reputed for their taste and quality. Therefore, there will not be any resistance from the parents for their children eating these chocolates. The pr ice comparison for this product would be very difficult as in the case of other fast moving consumer goods with different brands and varieties. The Georges internet business model by marketing completely through credit cards means that the people targeted are high end and sophisticated customers, where the quality and service are more important rather than the price. Therefore, adopting the mediocre price, if not the highest price would be very reasonable. Capital account of George The amount shown under capital

Why did Peace Fail in 1914 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

why did Peace Fail in 1914 - Essay ExampleThe main European countries that had developed considerable agent in the continent included Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia (Keegan, 1999, p38-39). This paper explores various factors that made it virtually impossible for pacification to prevail during the First World War. First World War broke out shortly later the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir apparent to the Hapsburg throne by Serbian terrorists in 1914. However, the incident was not the cause, still a catalyst for large scale conflict that had been looming in Europe for a long time. divers(a) factors had contributed significantly to the gradual build up of the war in Europe. Joll and Martel (2006) indentified scotch rivalries, increased nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in admission to formation of alliance systems as the major causes of First World War. Economic rivalry among European indicators had give out intense in the late 19th century and at beginning of the 20th century. harmonize to Kennedy (1988, p72), sparing competition for everywhereseas markets, especially between Great Britain and Germany had reached epic levels. According to David (2005), Great Britain was the undisputed economic power in much of the 19th century and its strong multitude forces had galvanized the countrys go down as the leading superpower in Europe and in the world. However, unification of Germany into a nation enjoin accompanied by ambitious economic policies stimulated unprecedented development, which challenged Great Britains influence in the continent. One of the major causes of economic rivalry was trade disputes, arising from tariffs imposed on goods of competing countries in the overseas markets. According to Fussel (2000), tariff disputes emerged not only between Germany and Britain, but other growing economies in the region, such as Italy and France, Serbia and Austria, in addition to Germany and Russia among other trading partners. The subsequent economic competition resulted into tense and suspicious transaction between concerned countries, making war inevitable. Large-scale militarisation was one of the major consequences of increasing competition between rival countries in Europe. According to Keegan (1999), each country attempted to build and strengthen its military power leading to arms race in European continent. Between 1870 and 1914, David (2005, p107) noted that military cost among the competing countries in Europe increased by 300 percent. Most countries introduced mandatory conscription of all citizens higher up eighteen years into the armed forces. Development of Germanys military was particularly phenomenal. According to Kennedy (1988, p69), the country had over 8 million soldiers compared to Britains 750,000 in 1913. Although Britain had one of the best trained and equipped military, the growth of Germanys defence forces was a major cause of tension in Europe. According to F ussel (2000), Germanys military power was vastly superior to France, one of Great Britains allies. In addition, Germany naval expansion presented a authoritative threat to Great Britains security. Germanys rapid economic growth and superior military figurehead aggravated its quest for more power and influence in Europe. Germanys military build up and consistent aggressive rhetoric indicated that the country was prepared for large-scale war, with an intention of challenging other powers in the continent. The period before eruption of First World War was characterized by stiff competition for colonies in other continents especially in Africa and Asia. Industrial revolution in Europe necessitated the need for more innate resources, and

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Business plan - Essay ExampleThe call for Specialty Coffee shop is a substitute to other coffee shops because it offers its customers a refined and calmer environment.The caf does not have televisions or radios. There is subtle music that plays in the background. Also, the pictures of local musicians are displayed on the walls. The caf has stuff leather seats and sofas that are like a library. While it pays homage to past times, the caf is at the technical cutting edge because it has Wi-Fi and the most modern espresso machines.The Encore Specialty Coffee Shop measures its success found on whether its market share increases, leading to a rise in earnings. Currently, it has a local market share valued at 40 million. Its success arises from the fact that it offers quality coffee and leverages on its little workforce. The caf selects the best coffee beans from the distributors in Middlesex. Encore enjoys larger profits because of its small size and, thus, lower overhead. Its circum spection handpicks the baristas and offers them salaries that equal other chains.The research was aimed at determining the market size, competition, business opportunity and market epitome of the coffee industry in the UK. Several research tools were employ. First, all the coffee cafes in Liverpool were profiled. Particulars that were studied include their size, the number of employees, and the array of products they offer. Other discipline that was collected included their annual revenue, business philosophy and prescience for the future.A lot of traveling was done to different parts of the city. Questionnaires and interviews were created to get the most relevant information on the interviewees. They included the customers that frequented this coffee house, the employees, and the management. Questions regarding the products that were stocked other than coffee to carry out co-marketing were asked.The internet was used to

Ethics and Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics and Leadership - Research Paper ExampleThe ethical issue concerning the employees of globular fashion plant was that the owners and management of the company were observed to render insignificant consideration to think somewhat the volatile effects due to their actions. The leaders of that plant were observed to lack in terms of sensation regarding ethical managerial conduct that states the minimum behavior required from them towards the employees. The code of conduct can be classified as Deontology which can be defined as actions that are in accordance with clean principles or certain rules. It further states that rules or principles are derived from rationality that is justified to each and every employee.In Kathie leewards fashion plant there were various rules which directly created a negative trespass on the working purlieu of the organization inhibiting the moral conscience of the leaders. For instance, the women workers were asked to raise their hands for taking authorization to utilization the bathrooms that were kept locked. They were allowed to use the washrooms two times a day only, once in the morn and once more in the evening. Furthermore, the women were searched physically as the company prohibited from bringing any snacks that could stain the garments. The employees were besides hag-ridden mentally to work faster and produce as many apparels as possible inside a limited working hour. It was observed that in eight man-hours, a group of sixty-five women sew nearly eight hundred pairs of Kathie Lee pants (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights).... In Kathie Lees fashion plant there were various rules which directly created a negative impact everywhere the working environment of the organisation inhibiting the moral conscience of the leaders. For instance, the women workers were asked to raise their hands for taking permission to use the bathrooms that were kept locked. They were allowed to use the washrooms two times a da y only, once in the morning and again in the evening. Furthermore, the women were searched physically as the company prohibited from bringing any snacks that could stain the garments. The employees were also tortured mentally to work faster and produce as much apparels as possible within a limited working hour. It was observed that in eight man-hours, a group of sixty five women stitched nearly eight hundred pairs of Kathie Lee pants (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 1996). Thus, it can be observed that the process performed by the management at Kathie Lees plant violated the standards of kind and labour rights in its Honduras plant where they made the workers work more than the standard time specified by the labour organisations, only to meet the orders demanded by Wal-Mart. The ethics imbibed in the behaviour of the superiors play an imperative subprogram while motivating or maintaining a happier working environment. It can specifically be described as a character t rait of a human-being that is required to flourish and lead a healthier living which can also be quite beneficial to facilitate a productive working environment encouraging employees to participate in the overall growth of the company (Hindman & Smith, 1999). Thus, a leader of an organisation should take virtuous skills in their behaviour towards the subordinates. In the case of Kathie Lees

Managing Activiies to Achieve Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing Activiies to Achieve Results - experiment ExampleHere, for this assignment, this author has chosen the example of a pharmaceutical manufacturing assiduity, where these themes are equally applicable. Pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, and every step of functioning in this industry is governed by business process vigilance to improve products and services to the customer with maximal efficiency.An efficient system moldiness be usable, and community must be convinced about the usefulness of it. Thus the developmental journey must be people centric, where the trench people must not feel excluded. They need to be consulted, listened to, trained and communicated with on a regular basis. They must understand the business process and its benefits. Conviction of people about the reasons of the process change, the emergency of it would promote them to take ownership and responsibility. The arrangingal social system would enable that. The organisational structure and refining are important parameters and preconditions for fostering an environment where people would understand clearly what is expected of them and how they are significant in the new structure and process (Morrill, 2008). There are many components in the structure and culture. The components are logically connected in such a way that there is a meaningful concept of fitment among the different components of organisational structure and the heathen settings. In the stated organisation, the decision makers implement change processes interpret and utilise the environmental culture to normal the organisational structure. Sometimes depending on the situation, a double-loop change process is utilised where within the organisational structure, the members of one culture raise their favoured structures on organisational members coming from different cultures. Sometimes, again depending on the situation, the organisational hierarchy utilises the naturally socially constructed organisa tional structure and culture (Walsh, 2004). Mission and Aim of Organisation and Effects on Structure and CultureThe objective and aim of the organisation has important impacts on its culture and structure. If by organisational structure we mean formalisation and centralisation and if organisational culture performer participative decision making, support and collaboration, and learning and development, both must interrelate. The aim and objective of this organisation is to produce modernistic pharmaceutical products, and thus it means technological processes, administrative control, and product manufacturing. Studies by Jantan et al. (2003) have shown that both involvement in decision making and support and collaboration and learning and development have demonstrable compulsory effects on administrative innovation. Although structural variables appear to be unaffected, they may affect the cultural variables (Jantan et al., 2003). control et al. (2000) highlights the role of aim s and goals of an organisation in shaping the structure and

Critical Evaluation of an E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Critical Evaluation of an E-Business - test ExampleThis may be due to sedentary habits readinessting in with increasing age. The survey overly revealed that the marketing efforts of retailers to spruce up their websites yielded positive results with a majority of respondents feeling that they were attracted by the pleasant melody created by the retailers websites. A majority of respondents also felt that cheatping online is fast becoming a set trend and the pattern will increase in the future. Some of this also felt that they were ready to shop online wholly.This is a report on a survey conducted on 15 respondents of their experience in shop online at two premier British Online establishments - Sainsbury and ADSA. In essence it is a study of consumer doings that assists firms, organisations and rase individuals to improve their interaction with consumers by better understanding of certain issues that sh on the whole be enumerated later in the report, all of which were the ini tial objectives of the survey. Before setting out the issues the report states a little of what use the survey may be. Consumer behaviour tin atomic number 50 be described as behaviours of individuals, groups, and organisations as they use processes to select, secure, use and dispose of products, services, experiences and ideas to indulge needs (Perner, Lars). The study of consumer behaviour can be apply in four major ways as follows.Marketing Strategy Study of consumer behaviour can... The study of consumer behaviour can be utilised in four major ways as follows.Marketing Strategy Study of consumer behaviour can enable enterprises, groups and individuals to formulate effective marketing strategies. For example, in this particular instance, the study of consumer behaviour in relation to the two online stores can enable the managerial staff of these stores to determine how they can enhance the shopping experiences of shoppers at their individual stores of that shoppers return a gain and again, thus creating a faithful bank of customers. Either enhancing their individual stores websites or any other suitable means may do this. How the attractiveness of the websites can be deepen can easily be determined by what the consumers want that can be featured within the responses of the survey.Public Policy Public policy can be determined through the means of consumer surveys that can effectively reveal characteristics of consumption that the policy makers can then utilise to formulate effective policy. hearty Marketing Consumer behaviour studies can effectively enable social marketing that can enhance societal values through suitable manipulation of mass consumer behaviour. Ideas and experiences that reinforce societal values can be effectively spread through consumer products after study of consumption patterns.Personal Experience Study of consumer behaviour can enhance personal experiences by enabling the individual consumer to become aware of inherent difficu lties facilities in shopping at certain consumption points. (Perner, Lars) There is also some need to fill in some important details on the online British

Quality managment techniques and their relationship to revenue Research Paper

Quality managment techniques and their relationship to revenue managment - interrogation Paper ExampleAll of the information connectivity devices are exchanging data. As a consequence, the lucre has evolved into an efficient and utile factor of commercial marketing and data exchange. This is applicable as e- handicraft . This new phenomenon of e- commerce aloneows great free market trade. Smaller suppliers can vie for commerce in the same manner as larger firms, simply by providing a website representing their products and services. By the same means, the consumer who purchases services online has access to a greater selection of products and services. The Internet expedites communication between buyers and sellers by means of electronic data exchange (EDI). E- commerce is known as the free trade of products and services by suppliers and consumers by means of the Internet. Consumers and producers are enabled with an opportunity through the free exchange of information and t he ability to effect purchases online- to be better informed, in order to lease the correct product or service at the correct time. Trend setting business stack and small to medium sized concerns are leading the way to e- commerce. Research has demonstrated that 90% of all business people are applying the case of data exchange over the Internet, to either promote their products or services and/ or to create new opportunities (Hallin & Marnburg, 2008). The purpose of this research paper is the following To demonstrate how Internet based services may facilitate the travel and hospitality industry in increased sales and revenue. To demonstrate how the coordination of this procedure can help vacationers receive efficient customer service by means of the Internet. To demonstrate how the introduction of web... The research tells that the travel and hospitality industry is composed of a number of enterprises which are involved in supplying travel services to vacationers, business execut ives and entrepreneurs. These services may include hotel packages or bed and breakfasts, airline travel packages or services such as guided tours and go rentals. An crucial element is the travel representative, who is the intermediary between the vacationers, business executives, entrepreneurs and the purveyors of travel based services. The expertise of the travel adviser is desired and required by the travel and hospitality consumer. Many individuals select a travel advisor in order to look for the best vacation packages and to establish the travel and hospitality reservation. The travel consultant coordinates a number of travel and hospitality elements and combines them into a single hospitality and travel package. In both(prenominal) instances, government based tourist organizations provide the services of the travel consultant, disseminating information and pamphlets for the travel and hospitality purveyors in their vicinity. The main function of the travel consultant in al l of these instances, is to enable the interchange of information and to facilitate the consumer decision making process. In order to achieve this result, the travel and hospitality suppliers, airline passenger carriers, automobile rental enterprises, hotel and tour guides must all provide the correct information to the travel consultant in an attractive presentation, in order to enable the generation of revenues in the travel and hospitality industry.

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

2 - Essay ExampleType II diabetes makes up 90-95% of diabetes cases. It is caused by a combination of lifestyle and familial factors. Predisposing factors of this disease include old age, obesity, physical unfitness, genetic factors and sometimes previous gestation diabetes. Obesity is considered to be the primary cause of type II diabetes, with increase cases among children and the youth. Factors such as diet and obesity potty be controlled while differents like increasing age, gender, and genetic science atomic number 18 not. Lack of sleep has also been linked to type II diabetes, believed to have effect on metabolism. High sugar and starch foods and uptake of saturated fattys are associated with an change magnitude risk. Genetically there is increased risk of offspring becoming diabetic if parents were diabetic. The abnormal genes can be passed to offspring. The main symptoms of the disease are excess thirst, constant hunger, and frequent urination. Other symptoms include wei ght loss, blurred vision and s slump better of wounds. Various complications have been associated with type II Diabetes. Diabetes II has been associated with heart disease and stroke, increasing chances by about twice. Diabetic people are more likely to suffer them at an earlier age than other people. High glucose levels in the extraction increases the deposition of fats and cholesterol in blood vessels narrowing them, affecting blood flow and increasing blood pressure. It has also been related with neural disorders. This is when affectionateness cells are termsd lede to lack of sensation. Most diabetic patients have some form of nerve problem, which can occur in any organ. It has been associated to abnormal cholesterol levels in blood, and the poor absorption of insulin. When blood vessels narrow due to fat deposition, the nerve cells suffer blood supply and may be damaged. Symptoms of nerve damage include numbness, frisson or muscle wasting. Diabetic neuropathy may be perip heral, autonomic, proximal and flush focal depending on the steel affected. Diabetes II can also cause eye damage such as cataracts and glaucoma. The high glucose levels in blood and increased blood pressure can damage assorted parts of the eye- retina, vitreous, lens, optic nerve. Symptoms of damage to any of this affected include blurred vision, flashing lights, pain or pressure in the eyes, even total blindness. Diabetes II has also been associated with sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction in men. This is the unfitness to sustain an erection or having no erection at all. Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse and lessen libido in women can also occur in women suffering Diabetes type II. These problems occur due to nerve damage, hormonal changes or reduced blood flow to the genital and vaginal tissues, associated with diabetes. There are various ways of preventing diabetes II. For genetically predisposed individuals, it is critical to maintain proper lifestyles and reduc e exposure to risk factors. charge is a major risk factor of this disease and prevention concentrates on maintaining proper body health. everlasting blood sugar testing and monitoring enables early detection of any problem. Blood sugar levels can be tested using home-kits or at a doctors clinic. Overweight people should work on weight reduction in healthy ways. This involves a diet change from high starch and sugars to low starch foods. Their meals should be made using unsaturated fats or even no fat at all. Reduced proportions of starch served and increases proteins and vegetables also ensure

Fluid Mechanics 230 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fluid Mechanics 230 - Essay frameworkTYPES OF DRAG Form entice This could be described as the frictional force resulting from the shape of a travel object. This drag remains highly dependent on scratch and shape of objects hence, the name fig drag (Batchelor 2000). Bodies with enormousr cross-sectional designs have it away higher levels of form drag than those presented with sleek design. The shape and size of a body affects the grow area of the object which comes into contact with the roving. The fuckd frictional forces results from contact amidst the moving object and fluid by dint of which movement occurs. The occurrence of this drag depends on the object shape, large cross-sectional designs offers higher percentage of object contact with fluid, frictional forces inducing higher levels of form drag. discase friction Skins friction refers to a type of drag resulting from frictional forces existing between the skin of objects and the fluid through which movement occurs . This drag arises from interaction between fluids and object surface, and remains dependent on wetted surface area when addressing occurrence indoors marine vehicles. This frictional force remains directly proportional to the surface area of the objects skin contacting the fluid. The frictional force also follows the drag equation do it a coefficient of prevailing square of marine vehicle vivify. Fluid viscosity, resulting from friction between neighbouring parcels of fluid moving in a different direction, contributes to the occurrence of viscous drag. Viscous drag, consequently, contributes to the development of skin friction within marine vehicles. hinderance drag This could be defined as drag caused by flow check experienced at structural junctions of objects moving within fluids. The experienced halt ultimately contributes to increased constrict upon other parts of the surface contacting fluids, consequently increasing the overall drag effect. While all objects experienc e certain levels of drag, when moving within fluids, the presence of junctions upon the structure increases the overall drag experienced by objects. Interference drag remains characteristic of objects having transonic flow. Objects moving at high speeds nearing 700 miles per hour commonly experience burden drag related to the travelling speeds nearing those of sound. The surrounding fluid speeds ordinarily affect the occurrence of interference drag. When fluids move in the opposite direction, the resulting speed experienced at the contact increases significantly, and could contribute to the occurrence of interference drag in objects moving at slower speeds. Lift-induced drag This could become defined as drag resulting from the redirection of airflow by moving objects towards a different direction. In moving marine vessels this drag normally results from flowing air inducing a lifting characteristic upon the marine vehicles. Lift-induced drag within marine vehicles occurs on vessel s moving on water. Vessels moving underwater, like submarines, cannot experience this drag force because it becomes induced through air. submerged vessels only remain in contact with water. These marine vehicles never come into contact with air as they travel submerged underwater. When vessels travel at increased speeds on water, the influence of air affects the motion through inducing a lifting motion upon marine vessels. The lift normally occurs following substantial changes in speed and direction of flowing wind. While vessels might remain travelling

Communication Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Theory - Essay mannequinAll of them are important so it is not a good idea to pinpoint unrivalled communication possible action as more superior to the other theories. They have their own context so they are knotty to compare.For the paper, one of the tether communication theories must be chosen and as a writer, I must reflect upon it based on his experience. The choice may come from the given three theories which are symbolical interactionism, semiotics, and social penetration. I have chosen symbolic interactionism for the paper and would relate it to my individualised experience.Before anything else, it would be proper to know the meaning of symbolic interactionism first before reflecting upon it. The meaning of the theory would serve as the guiding light in understanding and be applying it to real life. It would be difficult to reflect upon the experience and relate it to the theory without a thorough understanding of how the theory works.The theory of symbolic interactionism had been started in act uponally by George Herbert Mead. He had created it based on his interests in philosophy and language. He had not created a book or a formal working theory. The theory became systematic or formulated afterwards his death when his students like Herbert Blumer had encouraged his fellow students under Mead to collect their notes and publish a book just about it. When it was published, it came out with the act Mind, Self, and Society. As the writer had viewed it, the three elements in symbolic interactionism are the ones seen in the title of the mentioned book published by the students of Mead. Probably mind is essential in the picture because it is the dynamic form of the thinking of people. One must have a mind to think, analyze and act. He can similarly reflect upon his actions because he can think. All thanks to the power of the mind. Self is another important design in symbolic interactionism as the writer had viewed it.

Video Game Guru Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Game Guru - Essay ExampleMy outward appearance gives a lot of my friends reason to classify me as a grainyr. This is approximately likely because the images proudly displayed on whatever T-shirt Im wearing at the moment usually feature some favorite video game character or another. If it isnt a character specifically, it will most likely be an a lot quoted line from a game, an abbreviation in gamer speak that usually only other gamers recognize or a walking advertisement for my most recent gaming equipment. I almost always move over some sort of pocket game handy and Im the guy everybody comes to when they want to realize the best cheats for the most popular game to hit the market this week. Since this is the case, most of the time when my friends find me, Im either buried in the game itself or deep in conversation with someone else about what to do when the aliens come leap over boulders at you in Halo 2. No matter what my friends think, though, I identify myself as a g amer because I am intensely interested in all the different facets of gaming. More than hardly existence interested in knowing what the different cheats are in the various games, I want to know about the graphics quality, the sound effects, the realism, the action, the artificial intelligence of the characters and so much more. For me, it is not enough to just play the game and see how far I get. When new games come out, I have cognize about them since their earliest development.

Dereks Social History Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dereks Social History - face Study ExampleAs the discussion outlines aside excessive drinking, moderate drinking causes short-term scathe as can be deduced from the make of drunk driving. The extent of alcohol damage on the nous is dependent on the following factors amount and frequency of drinking, age at which the individual began drinking and sequence of drinking thereafter. Other factors include genetic background, alcoholism history in the family, prenatal alcohol exposure, and oecumenic health status. Alcohol causes impairments in the following brain regions. Impairment of the parietal lobe results to the loss of fine tug skills, shaking and abnormally slows reaction time. Impairment of the frontal lobe leads to loss of caution, inhibitions, reason and exacerbates intelligence, talkativeness and sociability. Impairment of the impermanent lobe leads to slurred speech and impair hearing. Impairment of the occipital lobe results in blurred vision hence distressing judgme nt of distance. Impairment of the cerebellum and brain stem results in poor muscle coordination and loss of vital functions respectively.This news report highlights that long-term excessive drinking causes the brain to shrink and deficiencies in the fibers of the white matter that relay teaching to the gray matter. This has been elucidated using techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). judicious levels of alcohol lead to vasodilation of blood vessels and at higher levels it leads to vasoconstriction thereby triggering blood pressure and migraine headaches. The effects of alcohol on a developing fetus are well documented. The babies are born with foetal Alcohol Syndrome and are highly predisposed to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions that are manifested as impaired IQ and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).

Utilization Management Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Utilization Management Programs - Essay ExampleServices did become let on coordinated at the CMHC level, but the responsibility for negotiating the supporter system and compliance of the treatment remained with the client.Specific pillow issue management service guidelines vary somewhat as the individual states interpretation and implementation of federal mandates differs. The needs and resources of a large inner-city population vary considerably from those of a rural alliance.A clear and logical service definition has not been reached, and there is no consensus on what does and what does not constitute case management. about people describe case management as purely a brokering or linkage mapping while others include comprehensive skill teaching and support in addition to service linkage. hostility in addition exists regarding who can best provide the service nonprofessionals, specified psychical health professionals, or a combination of both in a team approach. Consumer c ase management, in which clients or consumer sin the mental health system act as case autobus aides for those with less functional ability, is also being undertakenThe initial case management evaluation period is typically 30 days, during which it is desirable to mount as complete a picture as possible of the clients past and current functioning. The case manager must evaluate the clients status, needs, and intentions in each of the following areas mental health, physical health, financial status, housing, living skills, leisure, vocational and educational activities, and availability of a support system.Because case management is designed to address the broad unravel of a clients needs for maintaining satisfactory and stable community living, the initial evaluation phase is critical in identifying existing resources, skills, and strengths, as well as service and support needs and skill deficits. The overall goal of case management is help maintain the clients quality of life in the least(prenominal) restrictive community environment possible therefore, evaluation data should assist the case manager in identifying factors that may pay off resulted in either the clients successes or failures in the past.Service Plan DevelopmentThe service plan is the case management equivalent of the treatment plan as used in traditional inpatient or outpatient setting. It identifies the clients goals and objectives for a specified time period, typically a six-month time period, and it must be updated at least that often, or as necessary, as goals are achieved or are deemed inappropriate or unrealistic at any point during that period.The format of the service plan varies, but generally it identifies the clients goals and the clients case management objectives and service activities for achieving each virtuoso. Because services are individualized, the number of goals appearing on the plan at any one time will vary.It is important to be realistic and set no more goals than can be accomplished within a given time period. It is preferable to state the clients goals in his or her bear words. Objectives must be measurable, have projected time frames, and be consistent with evaluation results and client goals. They should be realistic and broken down as necessary into tasks deemed achievable for the particular client.Placement Services crusade management placement assistance may be defines as any support provided to the client

What's your Dangerous Idea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whats your Dangerous Idea - research Paper ExampleA sample such a situation is a college who, during trial week, chose to society every night instead of study. During his exams the next day he is unprepared and without answers to the questions being asked in the exam form. He is unable to answer enough right questions that would result in his passing the exam. The result of his commencement 2 previous actions determined that he would fail the test and thus, fail the class as well.Events such as the aforementioned situation prove the philosophy that all naturally occurring events will happen collectible to the laws of nature. In essence, all the events that take place in a persons life and its results are all persona of a naturally occurring system in a persons life that is based upon a persons choices and decisions that are influenced by the motives of a person. In other words, the collective human actions will create conditions that will result in the occurrence of an event. No other event can result from the actions that a person executed.These actions are, as seen in the example above, to be considered pre-conditions that help determine the course and results of a previous event in a persons life. Such events are then defined to be a part of Causal Determinism which is understood to stiff cause and effect.Theoretically, (causal) determinism is believed to be composed of moral choices that preclude free will. The reason that determinism is believed to take precedence over free will is because humans will act in a certain manner whether they interchangeable it or not. Factors combine in order to make people follow a certain course of instruction with a pre-determined result for them at the end of it. Therefore determinism necessitates that antecedent events and conditions come together like atoms in the laws of nature.It is because of these existing reasons that Determinism has been thought to have a deep connection with mans understanding of the ph ysical sciences and its explanatory ambitions and our views well-nigh human

Intellectual and Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Intellectual and Property Law - test ExampleJames and Jeremy find out about the conversation after they receive phone c wholes from all three manufacturers. They are furious that he has consulted external companies without their consent. Aim This paper aims to investigate the potential infringements of keen belongings that James and Jeremy owned and to provide possible remedies that are available to them and to provide a juristic advice to them for the future course of action. Objectives In order to come through the aim of this paper, the paper will has following objectives to achieve 1. To study the intellectual topographic point rights in United Kingdom 2. To study the possible infringements of intellectual property rights. 3. To investigate the remedies that the victims of intellectual property rights theft can avail. 4. To provide a legal analysis as to the case of James and Jeremy. 5. To develop a legal advice for James and Jeremy to follow in order to attempt remedies fr om the United Kingdom Courts, if any. Intellectual Property Rights Laws in the United Kingdom The term intellectual property refers to the intangible creations of mind which are given physical form and contains or overtime develops financial cheer (Barney & Green, 2001). For instance, when a person visualizes a design and then fashions it on paper or on figurer program, creates an intellectual property. This intellectual property can be protected from copycats or thieves who can steal it and then reproduce it for commercial gains (Bimal & Kumar, 2012). The owner of an intellectual property has the right to protect it from any potential infringements and look remedies for it in case infringement has occurred. However, not all intellectual properties can be directly protected. The flip Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) recognizes several types of intellectual property rights. These are Patents, Designs, Copyrights, business dealmarks, Trade Secrets, Integrated Circuits , graft Breeders Rights, etc (Gaff, Loren & Spinnery, 2012). Most of them have to be applied for their grant and rest of the intellectual property right do not require such seeking. Instead, they are automatically created. Patent is a right that is granted by the Government of a country for an invention. Design is a right that protects the aesthetic and visual appearance of a product. The design right acknowledges the right of its owner and provides an exclusive right to make, use, copy, import or export or assign the design for any purpose he may deem fit. Copyrights is a right that is created automatically. It is a right not to copy a work that has been created by an author and has been reserved its ownership with that author. Trade hole-and-corner(a)s comprises of confidential information, documents, secret formulas, or any private information that if leaked to any one can create substantial loss to its owners (Chapman, 1986). For instance, the Coca Cola recipe is protected as a trade secret and has not been leaked for over a century now (Breach of Confidence, 2006). In case any of its employees or focusing who are privy to that secret formula have revealed the actual formula or sold it to person for commercial gains would have incurred an intellectual property rights infringement (Risch, 2012). In legal terminology it is known as breach of confidence. In English law, the breach of confidence is derived from the doctrine of equity. Thus, a person whose confidence in another

Gated Communities and Segregation in The Tortilla Curtain by T.C.Boyle Essay

Gated Communities and Segregation in The Tortilla Curtain by T.C.Boyle - Essay ExampleThough segregation based on race, ethnicity, religion, etc., is now illegal, there are save some practices among the citizens like the existence of gated communities that cause segregation and racism. Although, unitary section of people views gated communities as a feasible and practical way of living, other sections view it as islands which promote segregation. This issue of gated communities forms a shrewd but a key part of the novel, The Tortilla Curtain written by T.C. Boyle and published by Viking jamming in 1995. Boyle is a Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Southern California and proceeds in the Santa Barbara. He has written over 12 novels as well as more than 100 short stories winning, with more of his works reflecting the issues and lifestyle of people living in California including The Tortilla Curtain. The Southern California writer T. C. Boyle captures the in terval that marks daily life in Los Angeles. (Fuller, Bridges and Pai 145). Boyle sets his novel in the Topanga Canyon where the lives of two couples, who live an entirely different lifestyles, cross each other with tragic and at the same thought-provoking results. The important protagonist couple, Delaney, a sensitive writer about nature and Kyra Mossbacher, an obsessive real estate agent, remove in to a brand-newly gated community nestled among the natural surroundings called Arroyo Blanco. The other couple is the Mexican illegal immigrants, Candido and his pregnant wife America Rincon, who enter the American borders illegally wanting to achieve the American Dream of a prosperous life, but live in an awful condition in a makeshift camp deep in the Topanga Canyon. When a freak car accident involving Delaney and Candido happens, it leads to further interactions amongst the couples with their opposing worlds intersecting in a problematic and tragic manner. The interactions betwee n the couples primarily arise repayable the setting of the gated community. Boyle paints the picture of a strictly conforming gated community, where all the houses were white with orangeness roofs. lay the massed orange tile rooftops of Arroyo Blanco (Boyle 74). The private community gives a sense of exclusivity. The concept of a gated community, with a homeowners association, is to provide a safe neighborhood with all the facilities. However, when viewed from another perspective, by facilitating families of similar races and class to live closer together, date ignoring other sections of the people, it is leading to segregation. Part 2 Gated community is the term given to the residential neighborhoods which have a surrounding wall and a main gate for entry. This form of residential living has become a key part of the new housing market, particularly in the urban areas. It is viewed as a new form of urbanism, under which public spaces in various geographical territories are being privatized. They have therefrom become a symbol of metropolitan fragmentation and social segregation, with segregation happening mainly along economic and racial lines (Le Goix 76a). Le Goix (9) further states that gated communities are located within every loving of middle class and upper-class neighborhoods, with half of them are located within the rich, upper-scale and mostly white neighborhoods, and one third are located within

Characteristic of management Essay Example for Free

Characteristic of way tasteWith the progress of history, the definition, content, method and characteristic of solicitude is in constant ripening. The history of management theory and thinking is evolving. Between the twentieth century and 20 first century, the environment of management has been changed from stable and predictable to unremitting changeable. According to Kiechels (2012) theory, with the definite law, principle and regulation, management belong to a real science system.In this essay, 2 topics will be discussed. The first one is management theories and ideas impart changed over clock with two factors which atomic number 18 the trans governing body of labor were treated from form to humane and the lodge between organization and remote environment. The second one is the three most beta differences between now and then. The three differences argon increasingly rough competition, modify node demand and how to mend competitiveness.The development of management theory and practice are closely related. focusing theory is based on the understanding of management system and snare subsequently summarized the experience from the accumulation management. However, this understanding also leads to the management practice. First of all, the transformation of labor were treated from machine to human is one factor. After the mid nineteen twenties the human relations theory and expression management theory began to pay attention to human has many special factors different from the objects.On the human factor, first of all should be attributed to Mayo and his in the experiment of Hawthorne factory. Hawthorne test is a management test of Mayo by Hawthorne telephone factory which belong to Western Electric Company in the joined States. Testing began in 1924 and Mayo conducted a series of surveys, tests and interviews. After that, the summary from Mayo (1933) of human psychological factors and amicable factors has great impact on the prod uction efficiency. The staff is social person they need social psychology rather than simply the pursuit of income and material.Therefore, the managers of the enterprise should not only focus on the practiced and economic factors of management, but also improve laborproductivity from the social and psychological aspects to encourage meshers. Volberda (2012) has give tongue to that expect formal organization, there are some informal ones. Informal organization is spontaneous formation by nature from the people contact. However, peoples behavior from the informal organization is always following(a) the emotional logic character decides relationship.The external environment reach connects to organization. Some of managers work on employees by coerces punishment and fire to increase the stress of them. The strict supervision and control order to staff actually reflected in Taylors scientific management service and the traditional management mode.The others the others has concept of management that will be advocated management method which is people oriented by human, tolerant, democratic in management behavior. The objectives of the organization are combined individual objectives well and create favorable conditions for employees to develop the wisdom and potential.Then, there are three most important differences between now and then which increasingly fierce competitions, personalized customer demand and how to improve competitiveness. Firstly, with the liberalization policy, business globalization and capital operation mode, the regional and effort boundaries were abolished which makes the competition more intense. That leads to the difference by increasingly fierce competitions. With the opinion of Parker (2005), a long time ago, the research which based on strategic alliances and joined ventures was found.Cooperation and competition were founded to be a virtue and he analysis that competition is good to become to cooperation which is a good idea from the growing global economic. Secondly, Customers become the dominant force in the market by the expansion of product pile up in excessive requirement and income gap which leads to customer demand for personalized. Abrahamson (1966) suggested that, change is a global effect the customer is more sensitive on the quality of the product or service. Managers should seek a new applied science to sponsor them handle new conditions which is the performance gap caused by environmental changes.Finally, with the widely used of the development of science and technology and information technology, lots of things could be through which may not be done easily. So the traditional management mode typesetters cases the enormous challenge.Moreover, by Rodrigues(2001) theory, the development of in effect(p) management skills to softwood with specific problems and challenges of each organization in the global competitive environment is to make a frame work. The urgent need of many enterprises and o rganizations are rapid changes in technology and the environment. Today, the new trend of didactics and development organizations around the world are dealt within their own organization.In order to achieve networked, flat, flexible, effective development skills, specific challenges different new organizations of their mission and objectives of the organizations all over the word. Effective management skills help people and organizations to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. The rapid development of globalization and technology shows that we are in fierce competition. Proper management is crucial to the complex environment.The quality manager and effective management style rump determine the organizational culture with productive employees and ultimately, success or failure. Managers should encourage, guide, supervise, motivate employee and coordination capacity to promote deed and guide change his leadership and other training manager. Management and utilization planning, organization and communication skills are important leadership, more in quality such as integrity, honesty, courage, commitment, sincerity, enthusiasm, determination, compassion and sensitivity.In conclusion, management theories and ideas have changed over time with two factors which are the transformation of labor were treated from machine to human and the connection between organization and external environment. At the same time, there are three most important differences between now and then.The three differences are increasingly fierce competition, personalized customer demand and how to improve competitiveness. Twenty first Century for humans is a new age, we need according to the new rules to face and the formation of new rules depends on innovation which is the foundation of learning. Finally, Learning and innovation is the key in twenty first Century to deal with the environmental change.Reference1.Abrahamson, E. (1996). Management fashion. Academy ofManagement Review, 21, 1, 245-285.2. Parker, L. D., Ritson, P. (2005). Fads, stereotypes and management gurus Fayol and Follett today. Management Decision, 43, 10, 1335-57.3. Kiechel, W. (2012). The management century. Harvard Business Review, 90, 11, 62-75.4. Rodrigues, C. A. (2001). Fayols 14 principles of management then and now A framework for managing todays organizationseffectively. Management Decision, 39, 10, 880-889.5. Mayo,G.E. (1933). The piece Problems of an Industrialized Civilization, 25,3, 33-45.6. Volberda, H. (2012). Contingency Fit, Institutional Fit, and Firm Performance A Metafit Approach to Organization-Environment Relationships. Organization science, 23, 4, 1040 -1055.

Communication and interpersonal interactions Essay Example for Free

Communication and interpersonal interactions EssayExplain strategies employmentd in wellness and mixer care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactionsSometimes in health and social care, professionals find it hard to be adequate to(p) to communicate with perseverings and clients beca wasting disease of reasons much(prenominal)(prenominal) as disabilities. Sometimes commonwealth with certain(prenominal) disabilities privation help and remain firm in order to communicate with professionals effectively. People with learning difficulties whitethorn need to have a advocate with them who talks behalf of the person who may feel nervous or disquieting because they have learning difficulty. They may besides feel confused because of the terminology that the professionals may use that the patient role may not understand.There are also many types of helpers that help people with disabilities in order to interact effectively with t he professionals such as, signers, translators, physiologists, and mentors. Some patients or clients may have different types of disabilities such as being death. People who have ear imperilment often have signers who go forth sign any(prenominal) is being utter by the professional and to the patient who is unable to hear to be able to interact effectively with what is being said by the professional.People who are unable to speak English will have a translator with them who is manyone who translates one wording into another for the patient so the patient and professional is able to communicate with each other. Some patients use some melodic phrases of technologies such as comprehend aids and mobile phones to be able to text and communicate. Hearing aids are made for people with hearing imperment, to be able to hear clearly by adjusting the volume to a good take to be able to help them hear clearly. Texting is also another form of communication as some people that are death ma y prefer communicating with professionals through text.Patients and clients may have preffered languages which may include first gear language, braile, makaton and sign. People that are paralised E. G. Steven Hawkins, they would use a makaton to be able to communicate which is a language programme for people who are not able to speak efficiently that patients may use to be able to communicate with professionals. Another form of preferred language may be first language, people who speak more than 1 language may prefer speaking their suffer language with a professional that speaks it too as they may feel that they are able to communicate burst with their first language.People who are blind will use a braille which is a form of system that has alphabets of dots which buttocks be read through touch. People with visual impairment will use a braille that needs to be provided to them by professionals to be able to communicate with them. Active listening is also another strategy that i s used to interact effectively as it can show a clear understanding of what has being said. Active listening involves listening to patients and then reflecting back on what has been said to make it clear the message they have received is understood.As a individual, all patients have the full to be treated in a caring way by the service workers that they access. Health professions support patients and clients in many ways such as promoting justlys, maintaining empowerment, and maintaining confidenialty. Maintain confidentiality under the act of confidentiality y is very important and MUST be maintained to all patients and clients of care and under the law.All patients and clients have the right to confidentiality meaning they have the right to access what information is being held by them, to change any faulty information, and to have the right to private information being locked up practicedly where know one can access. All health professions maintain confidentiality by storing private information about patients in a safe place, not sharing or talking about anyones information with people from outside other than colleagues. Professionals also make sure that they maintain confidentiality by giving patients and clients privacy to be able to have their own personal space.When services users access services, professionals try their best to make them feel pleased about the service so they try the best as they can to make patients feel like they are at home by maintaining empowerment. Empowerment means being able to give choices of freedom to be able to make patients feel pleased about the service and happy. All professionals are aware that everyone has individual differences such as religion, so they make sure that they provide different types of choices to people from different religions such as Muslims and also provide different types of choices according to peoples preferences.

American monopolies Essay Example for Free

American monopolies EssayThis short article by Douglas A. McIntyre paints a very good picture of how many of the American Technologies companies are pure monopolies within this industry. McIntyre opens this article by saying A monopoly is either what the establishment says it is or what a dominant companys competitors claim. The Governments intellection is the only one that counts. (McIntyre, 2012). McIntyre then mentioned that there was this Act that prohibits transactiones from activities that are found to be anticompetitive that is called the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act. subsequently hanging this, I was curious of what was the true meaning behind this Act and after a fewer searches I found that according to Wikipedia, The Sherman Antitrust Act is a landmark federal statute on United States controversy law passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation.It was the starting federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. (Wikipedia 2013). After learning that such Act is in place, I now see why there are not very many true monopolies, meaning that they own coke% of the market and how the government has a say in how companies are ran. In my opinion, I honestly looking that is a very beneficial law to cook in the books because it gives an entrepreneur or an otherwise business a fair chance at entering a chosen market.But on the other hand, itd only be smart to enter a market that you honestly feel you have a chance to survive in, or youd only be setting yourself up for failure. Anyhow, McIntyre goes on to provide a list called the New Generation of American Monopolies which is a list of all the biggest companies in the technology indu stry that control the markets in their respective produce. Not to my surprise of the many big label on this list, in which most reside in the Silicon Valley like Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Intel, Apple and level Paypal.Most of these are more of an Oligopoly, meaning they share the market, except for one that was of a surprise to me which was Sirius XM orbiter radio simply for the fact that this company was the only true monopoly and does have 100% of the market. Maybe it was on the button because I really never thought about Sirius having competition? But maybe I didnt think of this because they have absolutely zero competition.After a little more research on wikipedia, I found that back in the early 2000s there was a little competition between devil different satellite companies, XM and Sirius, but due to the money that it takes to keep satellites in orbit, the two realized that the only way theyd both survive was to merge, so in 2007 they did (Wikipedia). I very found thi s article really interesting because it was broke down into each product,(i. e. search engine, operations system, amicable media sites, digital video streaming, microchips, tablet computer and even e-readers) and then explained why each of the top companies where so dominant.Some were there because of the sheer size of their company and others made it just because they made a let on produce which made for a higher demand of that produce in which pinched out the competition. To just give a few of the examples, Google controls 90. 1% of the search engine market over Yahoo and Bing, Microsoft controls 89. 7% of the windows operating systems over Mac OS X and Linux, Intel controls 80. 3% of the microchips market over AMD, and Apple iPad controls 73% of the market over Android and Samsung (McIntyre, 2012).In conclusion, with all the advancements of technologies of today, each of these companies are respectable and are at the top of their game because they are all very efficient at what they do, highly profitable, price setters, owing(p) advertisers, and have the power to control the markets.Works Cited McIntyre, Douglas A. , (22 March 2011).The New Generation of American Monopolies. 24/7 Wallstreet. Retrieved from http//247wallst. com/investing/2011/03/22/the-new-generation-of-american-monopolies/print/ Wikipedia. (2 July 2013). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia online. Retrieved from http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/10/.

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Example for Free

Allen, Douglas and Truth EssayConclusion A great deal of literature has been devoted to the subject of caustic Christian Leadership during 1820 to 1860. How an enslaved people challenged yet nonetheless participated in the established spectral system by founding, ad hoc and or organized significant religious roots with a affable underlying movement. The essence of the multitude of visions was rooted simultaneously in a political, social and religious storm.However, thus knowing that a race has a strong or weak indistinguishability image based on current media of the day will not inform the listener around the nature of their true intent or index however, since the records of the day is the only evidence we have, it gives considerable brainwave into the societal value system, political posture, and cultural stance. While Black leaders and churches were portrayed to have a greater capacity for audible and visible response to a speaker than any other group of religious list ener at the time, the images were quick to focus on the probable survival of the comfort and comfortableness syndrome prevalent in blackamoor plantation churches. In these churches, the listeners, moved by sin and guilt hardly much more by the need to release tensions brought on by the daily miseries of slavery, came forth with blunt responses to particularly consoling passages in the preachers sermons.Allen, Douglas and Truths methods were clearly beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for thence as well as well as any period. Promoting racial success was the most primeval element in the struggle for racial uplift through the universal message of the religious institutions. reason and able to recognize the changing conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality be the touch on purpose. As active leaders in the religious and social revolution of the late 1800s, they knew that access to religious and social opportunities would lead to greater pos sibilities, i.e. education and commerce.Many of their contemporaries of the day given relatively hardly a(prenominal) choices signed on to the teachings and messages presented by Allen, Douglass and Truth. This was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of lucky Post slavery organizations and movements that flourished following the civil war. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure religious and economic growth accelerated true racial uplift and the reward of economical inequality.Before the war, black spokespersons had unfailingly demanded that white America simply give them a calamity to demonstrate the truths underlying their analyses of a prejudiced American society. Through the Civil War and Reconstruction, whites grudgingly conceded that chance. Everything was at stake in vindicating antebellum black religious and social thought. The role Black Religious leaders as spokespersons and positions as blac k leaders have assumed the destiny of the race and of America. antebellum black northerners had been correct to employ the universalism of the American Revolution.This was an effort call the nation back to its first principles. In finality, the pay off to stress self-help, moral uplift, and elevation as the keys to rising in a liberal economic narrate and thus compelling the majority of American to yield rights to African Americans was the remaining position to assume. In a tacit understanding, Black religious leaders were clearly justified in their growing sense that the conversation with white America mattered when seeking the power of national acceptance and the eventually the ability to establish their profess interests.Never before had visionaries of slave ancestry faced the hope and challenge of so practical a test of their ideas. Bibliography Satterwhite, John H. The Black Methodist church buildinges, unpublished background paper prepared for The Black church in the Afric an American Experience research project, p. 29.Campbell, James T. Songs of Zion The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa. publishing company Oxford University Press. dapple of take New York. Publication Year 1995. knave Number 3. Rupe Simms Controlling Images and the Gender Construction of Enslaved African Women Gender and Society, Vol.15, No. 6 (Dec. , 2001), pp. 879-897 Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article denomination Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title Annual Review of Psychology. Volume 48. Page Number 139+.Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Conyers, James L. Black Lives Essays in African American Biography. Publisher M. E. Sharpe. put up of Publication Armonk, NY. Publication Year 1999. Page Number 44. Bay, Mia. The White Image in the Black Mind Afro-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925. New York Oxford University Press, 2000. http//www. questi a.com/PM. qst? a=od=90463626. Burrowes, Carl Patrick.Black Christian Republicanism A Southern political orientation in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847. The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001) 30+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000633712. Douglass, Frederick Life and Times of Frederick Douglass His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History. Publisher collier Books. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 1962. Page Number 202. Martin Jr. , Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. Publisher University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication Chapel Hill, NC.Publication Year 1984. Page Number 18. Mcfeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. Publisher W. W. Norton. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 1991. Page Number 217. Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass Freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Publisher Michigan State University Press. Place of Publication East Lansing, MI. Publication Year 1998. Page Number 1. http//www. pbs. org /wgbh/aia/part3/3narr3. html PBS, Allen, The Black Church Graham, tool W. Byron, Sully and the Power of Portraiture. Wordsworth Circle 36, no. 4 (2005) 149+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5014835905. http//www. pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4narr2. html PBS Africans in America Kirby, John B. Sojourner Truth A Life, A Symbol. The Historian 61, no. 2 (1999) 429. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001250782. Mandziuk, Roseann M. Commemorating Sojourner Truth Negotiating the Politics of Race and Gender in the Spaces of Public Memory. Western Journal of colloquy 67, no. 3 (2003) 271+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002554424. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101423509.

Discussion of the history of cosmetics Essay Example for Free

Discussion of the autobiography of cosmetics EssayThe dawn of modern cosmetics began divided into the following categories Grolier (2005 188-191). a. Powders face powder usually contains talk, chalk, kaolin, and mixtures of zinc oxide, atomic number 22 oxide and assorted powdered pigments. Properly prepared, this mixture spreads easily, adheres to the skin, and absorbs some moisture. b. Emulsions these are fine particles of oil dispersed in water. Vanishing creams and cold creams are examples of emulsions. Thinner emulsions, which contain more water relative to the oil content, are apply as cleansing lotions and hand creams. c.Lipsticks this is made up of oils, such as castor oil, mixed with waxes and pigments or dyes, and hardened into molds. Since the materials used in manufacturing lipsticks are actually taken into the body, the choice of ingredients is limited to those which are cognize or assumed to be non-toxic. d. Eye Makeup these are eyebrow pencils, eye shadow , and mascara are, like lipstick, compounds of oil, wax and pigments. They, too, must be made of non-toxic or non-injurious materials. Cosmetics have come a long way in modern history and played a signifi toilett role in adorning both men and women for various occasions.It has been so widely-used that its functions have traversed into extremes for beautification purposes it can either conceal or flaunt an asset of a person. It can serve as mask or a highlighter. This just means that it has the dexterity to change the look of the person according to the manner it was used. At the end of the day, personal psyche dictates that every person intends or strives to become pleasant to the eyes of the millions of people around him or her. What is bonnie has also changed over the years. The exposition of what is scenic goes across regions, beliefs, religion and societal scholarships.Burke (200375-77) According to the twentieth century philosopher Charles Hartshorne, Beauty is the cente rpiece of this classical trinity and that nothing in our experience is exempt from the touch of the delightful. Beyond aesthetics, what is beautiful is how one perceives it to be, in that if he or she can find lulu in there. Therefore, the quality of what is beautiful has emerged from mere prettiness or elaborate ornamentation into an instrument of lifespan towards survival in the nonstop evolution of life in this planet.It can be found that the link between biology and beauty has dictated the development of humans and other species. Scientific studies strengthens the debate that the beautiful will emerge as the survivors disposed that their counterparts find them more attractive than the rest and that they are perceived to produce the most beautiful offsprings. In this biological quest for a successful and healthy reproduction process, the preference is indeed given to those mates who appear healthy. A healthy individual is visually manifested in their skin and hair, by the ef fort of their body, by a proportioned and toned body.These are the people judged to be beautiful. If the experts are correct in these assumptions or scientific observations, men usually look for women who appear young and fertile. This is where cosmetics leverage onto. Burke (200375-77) The cosmetic exertion tries to address this so-called need that women continue to appear young despite already going beyond their fertile or child-bearing years. Nevertheless, beyond the need to reproduce our genes, the core of beauty still delves on the ability of a person to identify and bring out the beauty in their lives.We need not nonplus only life in this world, but also generate beauty that will make life even more worthwhile. It is the appreciation of beauty in our surroundings even without the use of any formulate of artificial adornment such as cosmetics that will enable one to realize the beauty of life, that it is worth-knowing and worth accompaniment after all. Given how important t he nation for beauty is perceived across nations, and beyond borders, how cosmetics value this perception and its effects to the human well-being is crucial.Dermatological diseases have sprung in the recent years that come in a range from minor cosmetic problems to even life-threatening problems, as displayed in some disorders unremarkably due to skin differentiation processes. Zeeuwen (2004176). With this statement, one should also be vigilant and be a well-read end-user of these products that attempt to change certain elements of your natural state of appearance or being to some extent. The constabulary of economics reminds us that with in every level of quality increased, price is directly affected as it is directly correlated.

The motorcycle Helmet law Essay Example for Free

The motorcycle Helmet legal philosophy adjudicateMillions of people each(prenominal) everywhere the United States choose motorcycles over automobiles for the thrill, repair, and high performance capabilities. On the early(a) hand, motorcycles are not at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer(prenominal) protection that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of fatalities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could sport been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, many states have adopt the motorcycle helmet truth.The jurisprudence states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when equitation on a motorcycle. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One side supports the law, believing that it protects motorcyclists from hazard and saves the economy a great dea l of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our even out to freedom. However, statistics manoeuver overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly reduce the number of deaths ca utilize by head injury as well as lowering taxes, indemnity rate, and health care costs.Therefore, the helmet law should be put into effect in every state crossways the United States. Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as reducing the severity of any nonfatal injuries to the head. Statistics gathered by the Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises visualize that an unhelmeted rider is 40% more likely to suffer fatal head injuries, compared with a helmeted rider. Also, with the helmet law in effect, close to 100% of motorcyclists wear a helmet. Without the law, only 50% of motorcyclists wear helmets.Also, death rates are twi ce as high in states without the law. One study estimated that because 25 states ratified the law, over 3,300 lives were saved last year alone. Since helmets reduce the risk of injury and death, they go forth also, in tern, help the economy. The wickedness President of Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises, Tim Hoyt, states, We may not be able to eliminate all the risk from motorcycling, but helmet laws greatly reduce the most expensive injuries head injuries. Reducing these costs is expert for the consumer and it Is good for business, too. Health care costs and insurance rates are lowered because it is not as expensive to treat smaller-scale injuries. The government ends up paying a large portion of peoples medical bills because of distinct causes of public assistance programs. Hence, when health care costs are lower, the government does not need as much of our money to pay for those programs and taxes are reduced. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated that o ver $4 million dollars were saved last year as a direct result of the motorcycle helmet law.For these reasons the motorcycle helmet law should indisputably be enforced in every state. If the motorcycle helmet law helps the economy and more significantly saves lives, why doesnt the entire country enforce the law? The answer is, many people feel that the helmet law is a violation of the rights granted to Americans in the Constitution. Most people in opposition to this law do not necessarily believe that it is a wise choice to ride a motorcycle without a helmet and they do recognize the positive impinge the helmet law has created.However, they do not think that the government has the right to tell people that it is mandatory to wear a helmet. One man argues, If we let the government grade things like how we should ride a motorcycle, we will slowly develop characteristics of a communist government. Isnt communism what we fought against for so many years? Because of these strong points of view, a number of states do not endorse the motorcycle helmet law. or so people believe that the motorcycle helmet law violates our freedom as Americans, but the law is actually used to protect us from harm and maintain order.There are limitations on almost everything we do, because a familiarity without some type of laws or rules would be complete chaos. Just as there are speed limits, drinking restrictions, and seatbelt laws to protect us while in an automobile, there needs to be some type of law to protect us while riding on a motorcycle (especially since motorcycles are more dangerous in the first place). Therefore, in response to the opposing argument, the helmet law is not imposing on our Constitutional rights, but merely the governments way of saving money for itself and consumers and protecting riders.The motorcycle helmet law was intentional to lower taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs and more importantly to save the lives of our loved ones. Statistics hav e proved just that. There is not one study that disproves the positive effect the motorcycle helmet law has created thus far. Helmets will not stop a motorcyclist from getting into an accident, but with a helmet, the rider will most likely be able to survive the crash. The extra second it takes to put on a helmet could be the second that saves someones life. Why not make it the law?

Research on adolescent girls who attend different schools Essay Example for Free

Research on jejune girls who at 10d different schools EssayThe break down consists of research on adolescent girls who attend four different schools. These researchers emphasis on accessible expression would be reflected in both quantitative and qualitative measures. The research question Is social experiences are central to the adolescent experience in girls. The hypothesis is social experiences are central to the adolescent experience in girls. The methods the study consists of are orientation session at school that day for the girls who participate in the study. Then they were told that via telecommunicate to go to studys website and complete the forms. The girls were given instructions to complete the activities questionnaire and the writing sample online. They are given till 800pm that night to complete the online forms after school. There were two measurements or instruments that were apply in the study, Activity assessment online and writing sample online. The ap plication assessment online was revised of Pass more than(prenominal) and Frenchs (1998)Lessure questionnaire/revised for their age group. Example from the article was leisure turned into activities less common modified to express or describe their activities for that particular day (Feyberg, 2009). The activity assessment consisted of 3 domains, sense of accomplishment a great deal through competition or a ad hominem challenge ( consummation activities). The second domain is those that are social in nature (social activities). Lastly, the third domain is that promotes relaxation method and is often solitary (relaxation activities) (Feyberg, 2009). The participants were allowed to report up to ten activities for each domain. Then they had to tell the three they spent the most time doing, most enjoyed, most meaningful, and how a great deal they engaged in the activity. Then they were to rate them from 1 to 5. This scale that was used is known as the cinque pose Likert Scale from 1 is being less than 30 minutes and 5 being more than four hours (Feyberg, 2009). Then they were added up to a maximal points of 15 per domain. Participants reported their enjoyment of up to three achievement, social, relaxation activities on a 4 point Liker Scale from 1 (not enjoyable) and four (very enjoyable) for a maximum of 12 points per domain. The next one is degree of meaningful based points of Likert Scale 1 (not meaningful) and 4 (very meaningful). The sound one is to choose if they are engaged in certain activities. They would mark 1 if they were engaged in it and 0 if they are not engaged in it for a maximum of three points (Feyberg, 2009). The secondactivity is a writing assessment written online. Previous research proves that words use convey huge reading about social and emotional processes. The writing samples would provide meaningful information about personal experience and not to be captured by self- report scales. Writing examples is to be written on a w ebsite by the author for the study. They were to think about a personal experience that you participated and have a redeeming(prenominal) recollection of (Feyberg, 2009). The written sample is was needed to be a descriptive of the experience include feelings and could save up as much as they wanted. The written sample examines different in affiliation, achievement, or power themes. individually theme was composed of four subcategories and if the written sample contained at least one of them, it was awarded one point and if all three was in the sample then four points were awarded (Feyberg, 2009).The three themes were afflication, achievement, and narratives. Afflication consisted of four subcategories, positive effect, dialogue, commitments, and throw overboard of code. Achievement theme consisted of achievement imagery, anticipating success, world block, and negative feelings. Narratives theme consisted of general power imagery, increased prestige, begin prestige, and effect. Particapants consisted of 57 adolescent girls who attended four different schools. They ranged from ages 11 to 19 years of age and in grades from 6th to 12th. The girls age ranged from 12 girls 11 to 13 (early adolescent), 22 girls 14-16 (middle adolescent), 23 17 to 19 (late adolescent). 49 describe themselves as white, 4 as African American, 2 as other, and 1 as Hispanic (Feyberg, 2009).The results were evualted by ANOVA. ANOVA showed significant differences for reported time, enjoyment, meaningfulness, and choice in achievement, social, and relaxation activities. Follow up direct contrast demonstrated spent more time in achievement then relaxation. The trend for spending more time in social then relaxation. No significant different in achievement and social. appointment results showed significant main effect found. Follow up reported greater enjoyment in relaxation then achievement. Reports show higher levels of enjoyment in social than in achievement. No significant difference s in the amount of enjoyment reports for social and relaxation. Meaningfulness results show higher levels of achievement than social activities. No reports for meaningfulness for social and relaxation. entailment of social behavior in adolescent girls by the use of twomethods, self-reports, and narrative analysis. Recalling social behavior for adolescent girls, the two methods, which were different in their approaches to understanding adolescent experiences.Although it was predicted that both methods would provide similar information about adolescent social experience. According to the narrative analysis demonstration that participated used more afflication themes than achievement or power theme. the strengths of the experiment was too asked to describe a personal experience, so researches could identify their narratives. The flunk is that they only test this on girls. The limitations of the study were that they examine one gender due to likelihood of an disable across-group comp arison. Study demonstrated that quantities and qualitative methods were not significantly correlated with one another (Feyberg, 2009). One confidential information I could say would benefit is examine this same study on boys.ReferenceFreyberg, R. (2009). Quantitive and Qualitive Measures of Behavior in Adolescent Girls. Adolescene, 44(173),33-54.

Team assignment Essay Example for Free

Team denomination EssayJohnDescribe which cranial orbit you chose urban, suburban, or rural.Describe the local form of government and let on the major elected officials of your selected area.Rural AreaA Rural area is a geographic area located outside of cities or towns. It is also classified as encompassing all population, housing, territory non included within an urban area. Rural areas have a low population density and gnomish settlements.Local governments are structured in accordance with the laws of the various individual states. Each state has at least two separate tiers of government counties and municipalities. Some states are divided even further into townships. The diametric types of local reflect the levels of population density examples include urban center, town, borough and village. Some of the major elected officials are city council, town board, or board of aldermen.GinoIdentify the major public constitution make loves, current events, and challenges this government faces and analyze one in depth. Discuss how the state government is addressing the issue you selected.Major public policy issue Gay Lesbian marriage -many people versus the state law suits are now being perceive at the Supreme Court. Congress is in a current session to create or cross their rights to be married.Challenge government faces today segregation between parties old world mentality scant(p) financial spending unreasonable government control over state lawsCurrentEvent hoagy Control -multitude public shootings have outraged the nation as congress re-evaluates the nations right to bear mail. What kinds of arms are allowed and which should be illegalized.Tyler + putting togetherPower pointProvide realistic solutions to the public policy issues, current events, and challenges this government faces.One of the biggest public issues I see currently is gun control.Stricter background checks cross magazine capacity

Gambling and Pathological Problem Essay Example for Free

play and pathological Problem look forPrior to the slip of paper studies and research reports by known psychologist of our time, dramatic play is see as an act of mountain pass away the time in a friendly atmosphere of playing for m angiotensin converting enzymey. When gambling is becoming a habit for someone, gambling started to connote as an act that is bad, especially when the person involved in gambling supposes his money allocated for the need of his family for food and rent. This connotation would only come in such cases that ar already of the extreme. But basically gambling is seen then, as it is right now, as a way of diversion from the tonal pattern of necessity of daily living.This is one the closes why governments allowed the buildings of casinos and the existence of other forms of gambling wherein people can bet and probably win huge sum of money. On the other hand, when is the time when one could tell one is diseased gambler? This question has been an is sue that has been asked and a subject of inquiry of many psychologists and scientists. Or is thither really such a involvement as a pathological gambler? When can we mount that a person is already suffering from a pathological disease called gambling? gambol as a PathologyHistoryIt is only during the advent of twentieth century when thither rose an interest from the dampen of psychoanalysts on the act of gambling (Rosenthal, 2003). Starting in 1914, these scientists contributed enormous case studies, research reports, and speculative essays by which patients marked as gamblers were identified as gabling addicts. The almost prominent of these psychoanalysts was Freud who displayed a severicular interest in to why people would consciously seek for themselves a way to repeatedly engage in a self-destructive gambling behavior.He believed that these gamblers ar not really for the money per se when they take officipate in a gambling game but they gamble for the sake of gambling it self, which psychologists term now as the action. It was Freud who labeled gambling as an addiction, forming a triad along with alcohol and illegal drugs (Freud, 2002). On a cursory look at the state by which gamblers go on with their habit, we can thus say that gamblers, one way or another, is a participant in the process by which they abuse themselves by going to casino everyday to lose huge money, which include probably money allocated for their rent and food.As the years went on, concern about gambling tended to give to a greater extent focus on the gamblers personal attributes rather on the economic and social consequences of the act. Those who are involved with gambling began to be considered as hassle gamblers. If the gamblers problem with his habit becomes chronic, the problem gambler was seen already as a compulsive gambler. This term compulsive gambler is the early term used to describe pathological gambler according to National Research Council (U. S. ).Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Gambling Pathology Effects The best definition concerning the problem of gambling that has reached wide acceptance in the world, particularly Australia, as mentioned by Hsu (2005) the situation when a persons gambling activity gives leap to harm to the individual player, and/or to his or her family, and may extend into community. In Australia for example as describe by Productivity Commission (1999) thither is an estimated 1% of the Australian population who has a severe problem with gambling.An additional 1. 1% have moderate problem thus creating a 2. 1% of problem gamblers in the whole Australia. Basing from the definition cited above, the pathology of gambling can be widespread and creates a great impact on the individual. The personal consequences of having a problem with gambling according to Leseiur (1996 cited in Hsu, 2005) can be depression, insomnia, anxiety attacks, cardiac problem, intestinal disorders, high blood pressure, migraine and suicidal tendencies.He mentioned that the family of the problem gambler can in addition bear the cost of, in particular the financial burden. When the problem gambler gets into debt because of his/her unmitigated habit or addiction to gambling, this would mean less family expenditures, overdue bills, utilities universe cut off, personal or family belongings being sold or repossessed, or on an extreme case the family is left homeless (Hsu, 2005). Gambling Pathology psychological science Over the past several years there has been a collective effort to understand the psychological science of problem gamblers.The focus of these case studies and researches focus on the role of negative effect, personality factors, concurrent disorders, fire differences and role of cognitions. The relationship of pathological gambling with the depressive mood state of the person is probably one of the most seen predispositions as to becoming a problem gambler. The studies in this area have produced somewhat impertinent results. The reason for his is because some of the case studies failed to find any connection with depression to gambling. Yet, at the resembling time, there are research reports that stated otherwise.These reports found that there is a co-occurrence of depression to the problem of gambling. At the same time, there are studies that discovered that there is a link between gambling and anxiety or psychoneuroticness. This involves the psychological process of the person wherein he gives a lot of time developing gambling strategies and gaming behavior. Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that problem gamblers get a high score significantly on measures concerning obsessive-compulsiveness. muckle with obsessive-compulsive behavior have excessive preoccupation with gambling-related thoughts. In the case of Frost et al. (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) they experimented with obsessive-compulsive facto rs in lottery and resulted to the confirmation of Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) findings that pathological gamblers display more symptoms of being obsessive-compulsiveness. Meanwhile, there is conclude evidence that there is a relationship between gambling behavior and ones impulse for excitement arousal.This psychological aspect of problem gamblers has received an equivocal empirical support according to Toneatto and Millar (2004). Nevertheless, there are still results that come up with contrary findings regarding the aspect of desire for an aroused state. The explanation to these conflicting results is that sensation seeking level of every gambler differs across gambling activities. One more thing is that since gambling is not a homogeneous activity, the desire for an arousal of sensation may be more prominent or greater in some types of gambling activities than others.Moreover, sensation seeking on the part of the gamblers may be a state rather than a t rait. On the other hand, the hypothesis of there is an association between impulsivity and disordered gambling follows with natural ease from being included in the list of pathological gambling among the list of impulse disorder as stated by Toneatto and Millar (2004). There are research reports that demonstrated that pathological gamblers get higher score on indices of impulsivity as compared with research have got subjects.Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that impulsivity could be conceptualized and measured as a multi-faceted construct that take into account the such behaviors as orientation to the present, decreased in the ability to delay gratification, behavioral disinhibition, too much guess and sensation seeking, proneness to boredom, and lastly poor planning abilities by the problem gambler. There are in like manner results from other significant research reports that identify relationships between gambling pathology and mental health disorders, par ticularly those of meat use disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders and ADHD.Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that subjects who have a history or priming coat of gist abuse and had gambling problem reported increased levels of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. In the meantime, according to a more recent case study performed by Ladd and Perry (2003 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that problem gamblers with history of undergoing treatment for substance abuse has reported to be suffering from depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation and attempts.They also have difficulty lordly violent behavior as compared with pathological gamblers who had no previous history of being treated for substance abuse. Conclusion The study on the issue of a problem gambler just started during the advent of the twentieth Century and this subject has been the favorite subject of psychoanalyst. Freud (2003) la beled it as a form of addiction and part of the triad which includes alcohol and illicit drugs. This addiction would later be termed as compulsive gambling which result later on evolved into a more specific kind of behavior called pathological gambling.The are case studies that tried to explain the psychology of a pathological gambler and experts discovered that these individuals exhibit certain stratum of obsessive-compulsiveness and other personality behavior. Another point that must be understood is that these person are commonly seeking sensation arousal when they commit themselves to gamble.ReferencesFreud, S. (2002). The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Penguin Group, New York Hsu, C. (2005). Casino Industry in Asia Pacific Development, Operation, and Impact.Haworth Press, Binghampton National Research Council (U. S. ). Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Pathological Gambling A Critical Review. National Academy Press, Washington, D . C. Productivity Commission (1999). Australias Gambling Industries. Vol. 1-3 Rosenthal, R. (2003). Dual Dianosis. Brunner-Routledge, New York Toneatto, T. and Millar, G. (2004). Assessing and Treating Problem Gambling Empirical Status and Promising Trends. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 49 (8), 417-525

Psychology Adrian Monk Essay Example for Free

Psychology Adrian monk EssayAdrian monastic, portrayed by actor Tony Shalhoub, is the main character in the USA Network series MONK. Monk is a antecedent homicide detective for the San Francisco Police Department, suffering from an dread overturn known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as numerous phobias. After Monks wife was murdered, his disorder worsened steer to his suspension from the police force. When the series opens, Monk works as a private police homicide advisor and undergoes therapy to over bed his anxiety disorder and phobias. He is assisted by a private nurse who helps him know with his disability on the job.Part OneCase Study Character Background The installing happy Birthday Mr. Monk show ups that Monk, born October, 17, 1959, is a California man of Welsh ancestry. Monk is 50 old age old, and was born in Marin County, CA. He stated, His alma mater is the University of California, Berkley. His p atomic number 18nts were genuinely strict and authoritarian. Monks father laborer Monk abandoned the family when Monk was eight years old. Jack s forethought that he was going to sting Chinese food, besides he never came back. Ambrose Monk, Monks br separate, is agoraphobic and afr countenance to go start in reality. Monks mom died in 1994.Be induce of these childhood family events, Monk is already a real sensitive and fragile person. Mr. Monk dislikes unorganized, rude, soily, and filthy people. He in like manner dislikes murderers, people who commit evil acts, and criminals on the loose. That is the reason he became a homicide detective. Mr. Monk likes people who help otherwises, such(prenominal) as his physician and Trudy. In addition, he likes organized, clean, and tidy people. Mr. Monks strength is that he is a very clever detective. convinced(p), he has an amazing photographic memory, which helps him catch criminals.His weakness is that he has many phobias, which affect his performance as a detective. Mr. M onk doesnt corroborate any friends because of the weird and odd behaviors caused by his OCD. His family consists of his assistants/nurses Sharona, and then Natalie. He also works with people in the homicide department, namely Captain Leland Stottlemeyer and Lieutenant Randy Disher. Stressors/Pathology Mr. Monk does non have any relationships with anyone, mainly because of his odd behaviors. He acts strangely in front people because of his OCD. In the episode Mr.Monk Makes A New Friend he annoys a new friend by craft him too oft time. Monk apologizes himself, stating, I slewt not call him or hear his voice. It is very annoying to call a friend every hour. That is one testple of how Mr. Monk has difficulty with individualised relationships. His wife, Trudy Monk, with whom he had a meaningful relationship, died in a car bomb. Before his wifes death, Mr. Monks OCD symptoms had alleviated. After Trudy was murdered, the OCD symptoms intensified, and those around him could clearl y see that he had issues, which affected his job performance and light-emitting diode to his isolation.When the series begins, Mr. Monks condition is somewhat stable, but his lives in an overly organized apartment. The battle Monk faces daily is how to make it through the day with his OCD. He tries to avoid everything that makes him uncomfortable or is viewed as a threat. Mr. Monk stresses over the fact that every room must be neat and tidy. Plus everything must be a multiple of 10 for example he buys a box of eggs, which contains 12 eggs and deliberately throws two eggs away. Mr. Monk doesnt have any history of this disorder, but his brother was agoraphobic.Symptoms Other symptoms of OCD manifest themselves typically as ritual behavior such as continual hand washing. Mr. Monk engages to wash his hands every time he touches an object or shakes a hand. He becomes obsessed with shapes. For example, his toast has to be a perfect square. Numbers occupy his time. As mentioned above, e verything must come in multiples of 10. He has the typical preoccupation with dirt and germs. For example, he cant stay in an untidy or dirty room he has to tidy it up. Mr. Monk is panicky of germs, milk, dust, and heights. So what Mr.Monk does all day is try to stay away from all of these precautions. These symptoms never emerged in the series rather, the viewer is led to believe that Mr. Monk had OCD since he was born. However, the viewer is also informed in conversations with the police sergeant and with Monks nurse and therapist that what triggered this disorder was the murder of his wife. Immediately later his wife died, his disorder worsened. Outcome of Case Monks goodyment was to go to Dr. Charles Kroger for psychotherapy that would aid him to cope with his disorder. In the sessions, Mr.Monk talks about what he did during the day and the goals he accomplished. The treatment is not entirely effective, but it helps Mr. Monk relax and get all the stress out. In the vast ter m, Mr. Monk cannot overcome his disorder because he cannot imagine that he can be cured. In addition, he is not a risk taker, meaning he could never do anything that would make him uncomfortable. Because of this, there is little foretaste that he will be able to completely overcome his disorder. This makes sense because his disorder is inherited, and not attributed to environgenial causes.Part TwoDisease Diagnostic Criteria obsessional Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a pattern of take place obsessions and compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming and interfere with a persons daily functioning. They must cause marked distress (such as pain or physical damage to the person) or significant impairment. Usually, they take more than one hour of a persons time. It is crucial to specify whether or not the affected role has poor insight, meaning that the person does not realize that the obsessions or compulsions are unreasonable or excessive.At some point, the person must rea lize that their obsessions and compulsions are not reasonable (i. e. , normal). Obsessions are consistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or stress (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3). Most common obsessions are about contaminant with dirt or germs, repeated doubts, a need to have things in a particular order, horrible impulse, the need to shout obscene words, or sexual impulses. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors which people do to reduce the anxiety or distress of the obsessions.For example, repeated hand washing is a compulsion, which satisfies the obsession of repeated thoughts of contamination from dirt. For a complete list of Diagnostic Criteria from the DSM IV-TR, see Appendix A. Etiology (Causes) Nearly 1 to 2 part of the population suffers from OCD. Most of those begin to be afflicted in early adulthood, and it is often preceded by a particularly stressful event such as pregnancy, childbirth, or fami ly conflict. It whitethorn be closely associated with depression, with the disorder developing soon after a bout of depression or the depression developing as aresult of the disorder.Men and women are equally affected. A fairly high proportion (as much as 50 percent) do not marry (Baldridge 2001). Although obsessive-Compulsive Disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood, it whitethorn begin in childhood. Modal age at onset is earlier in males than in females between ages 6 and 15 years for males and between ages 20 and 29 years for females. For the to the highest degree part, onset is gradual, but acute onset has been historied in some cases. The majority of individuals have a chronic waxing and waning trend, with exacerbation of symptoms that may be related to stress.About 15% show progressive deterioration in occupational and social functioning. About 5% have an episodic course with minimal or no symptoms between episodes (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) No cause for OCD has b een isolated. Four theories exist which try to explain the basis of OCD psychologically guiltiness, anxiety, and superstition. 1) The theory of guilt has its origins in Freudian psychoanalysis. Freud believed that patients with OCD certain repetitive rituals, such as hand washing, to replace obsessive thoughts about sex.The obsessive ritual, then, was seen as a way to replace the guilt of being overwhelmed by forbidden, sexual thoughts. 2) The anxiety hypothesis poses that OCD behaviors develop to reduce anxiety. Many thought or live up to patterns emerge as a way of escape from stress, such as daydreaming during an exam or cleaning ones room rather than studying for a test. If the stress is long lasting, then a compulsive behavior may set in. 3) The superstition theory proposes a friendship between a chance association and a reinforcer that induces a continuation of that behavior.In other words, a particular obsessive-compulsive ritual may be reinforced when a positive conclus ion follows the behavior anxiety results when the ritual is interrupted. 4) A fourth theory is accepted by those who believe that mental disorders are the result of something physically or physiologically amiss in the sufferer, employing data from brain social organization studies, genetics, and biochemistry. Brain chemistry has been found to be altered in those suffering from OCD, along with increased metabolous activity.In addition, relatives of OCD sufferers are twice as likely as unrelated individuals to develop the same disorder, indicating that the dip for the behavior could be inheritable (Baldridge 2001). Treatments OCD is one of the most difficult disorders to treat. Treatments usually fall into four categories psychotherapy, behavioural therapy, drug therapy, and psychosurgery. The goal of psychotherapy in treating OCD is to find and then remove an assumed repression so that the patient can deal honestly and openly with whatever is actually feared.It is hoped that in dea ling with the fear, the compulsions that have developed to replace the fear will lessen. The most effective type of psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder is behavioural therapy. It can help by desensitizing the patient to the feared object or situation. For example, the therapist will aid the patient in replacing the symptoms of the obsession or compulsion with preventive or replacement actions, such as a non vocal, internal shout of stop when obsessive thoughts enter the mind or the action of snapping a rubber band on the wrist.Behavioral therapy may also help by gradually lengthening the time between the stimulus and response. For example, a patient may hold dirt and then gradually lengthen the amount of time after which he or she will wash his or her hands. While behavioral treatment can help to control OCD, it does not cure the disorder. Drugs used to treat OCD include antidepressants, tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), LDS, and tryptophan. Antidepressa nts help by reducing depression by correcting the serotonin abnormality in the brain, which may decrease the need for compulsive behavior.MAOIs may help OCD associated with panic attacks, phobias, and severe anxiety. With drug therapy, it should be noted that when the drugs are stopped, the patient often returns to the obsessive-compulsive behavior. Psychosurgery to reduce OCD is a last resort. The patient would undergo a lobotomy in which the frontal cortex would be separated from the lower brain area in an 8-centimeter square area. A combination of behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and drug therapy is recommended. General Research Behavioral treatments are new ways to deal with the disorder.For example, someone with an obsession about germs might be asked to practice treatment dirt and then not washing his hands for increasing lengths of time. With repeated exposure to the anxiety-provoking object or situation without performing the compulsion, usually the anxiety lessens, and the compulsion weakens its hold. Obsessions can fall into one of five categories 1. Obsessive doubts, which are persistent doubts that a task has been completed. 2. Obsessive thinking, which is an almost infinite chain of thought, targeting future events.Obsessive impulses, which are very strong urges to perform certain actions, whether they be trivial or wicked, that would likely be harmful to the obsessive person or someone else and that are socially unacceptable. 4. Obsessive fears, which are thoughts that the person has lost control and will act in some way that will cause public embarrassment. 5. Obsessive images, which are continued visual pictures of either a real or an imagined event. (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) Compulsions on the other hand are repeated, ritualized behaviors.For example, fearing one has forgotten to turn off an appliance, such as a stove, is a common obsession. It is likely to be accompanied by a compulsion to check repeatedly, perhaps hundreds of times each day, per haps to see if the appliance has been turned off. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors, the goal of which is to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress, not to provide pleasure or gratification. In most cases, the person feels driven to perform the compulsion to reduce the distress that accompanies an obsession or to prevent some dread event or situation.For example, those with obsessions about being contaminated may reduce their mental distress by washing their hands until their skin is raw. There is difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). A personality disorder is, on the one hand, a type of mental illness characterized by serious and persistent distortions in the total personality. Every perception, attitude, feeling and behavior is affected. OCD, on the other hand, is an anxiety disorder. bid other anxiety disorders, fear is at its rootfear of a hot appliance earnest down the house, for example, or fear of the body being contaminated by germ s.The fear produces an anxiety which can only be alleviated by a ritual, or compulsion, which will reduce the fear. Conclusion rating of Case In conclusion, Adrian Monk has Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. He satisfies the following OCD patterns of behavior 1. Washer, because he is afraid of contamination 2. Checker, because Mr. Monk repeatedly checks if the door is locked, or whether the oven is turned off. Mr. Monk checks everything a dozen time serious to make sure. For example, he checks his oven if it is closed everyday at least twelve times 3.Arranger, because he unendingly arranges his utensils based on size and shape and his books based on color. He cannot function in a messy room or disorganized room. In addition, Mr. Monk has other phobias, such as fear of blood and fear of the woods. He is terrified of germs, milk, heights, and spiders. Mr. Monk has a rule that everything he has must come as a multiple of ten. When he buys milk, he gets 10 bottles even though he lives j ust and the milk will expire before he has time to drink it all. Monks symptoms may improve with therapy, but his OCD will not completely resolve.