Agriculture of the Mayas and the Ancient Egyptians Essay

Agriculture is in the heart of any great civilization, which in turn, erects great empires. The origins of empires all stem down to smaller pieces of civilizations. It is responsible for feeding and sustaining the vastness of great empires. Of course, one has to find a suitable place to harvest or hunt for food. Agriculture differs from one civilization to the next but it is all essentially important. Egyptians were actually a population consisting mainly of farmers. Mayans were no exception – they focused on agricultural needs and therefore developed advanced technology in that area. Agriculture is made up of many factors like water, soil, or landscape. A civilization needs to know how to cultivate crops first off because there are many ways in which one can take a plant. Different tools can be used for different crops and that highlights the start of a civilization. Then comes hunting, which is unique to each culture since the land provides certain animals for food and it is up to the population to decide which animal is most preferred and should be hunted for the most. After farming and hunting animals, the civilization decides what foods are more preferable and next time they would go for those crops or animals. This brings the civilization to domesticate preferable animals and grow preferable crops. It is a mix of mother nature and the preference of the civilization. The Egypt civilization developed in one of the largest dry desert areas in the world – larger than the whole of Europe. It would have been a miracle if people could settle there. People were able to inhabit it only possible because of the Nile River which crosses an almost rainless desert from south to north carrying the waters of Lake Victoria more than 3000 miles to the Mediterranean Sea. In ancient times, Egypt settled in the last 700 miles of this waterway. The land of Egypt had a poor variety of plants – there were very few trees. The wild fig and the acacia was the only common forest trees and they grow in a isolated fashion. There are also fruit trees such as the date and dom palms and the fig tree. Less trees meant that wood was scarce as well. It was less convenient for Egypt. In the dry conditions of the desert, there was a barely any plants, herbs or vegetables. It is miraculous how the Egyptians formed a culture with this poor agriculture. On the other hand, Mayans lived in the land of Mesoamerica, which had plentiful trees and resources. In their land, the animals were abundant and the climate was favorable. However, the Mayans had a great population of people and this meant that they would need a lot of food. Sustaining this large population meant that good farming methods would be necessary. Farming methods play an important part in agriculture. Some civilizations are more complex than others. However, advanced technology does not always win in agriculture. Sometimes, the good old common sense method will bring more to the table than intense and vicious cultivation. The way people cultivate crops will also reflect in their tools and becomes part of their culture. Agricultural technology depends on the land. The civilization can choose to be hostile or gentle depending on how much resources is available. The Mayans had a enormous amount of resources, therefore, Mayan farmers were aggressive on the land. They took on a method of swiden (shifting cultivation), which means they took what they needed and left the land to nature. However, this abandonment of corrupted land was not productive because they would run out of resources. The Mayans probably sensed this because they later evolved into a intensive multi-crop cultivation. They started to take care of the land. In this effort, much labor was needed to sustain the massive cultivation of crops. This concludes that most Mayans were farmers and were in the workforce of mass cultivation. Egyptian farming methods were not very advanced. The Egyptians favored simplicity. The farmers would supply water to their crops by first making trenches on the Nile River, bringing it as close as possible to the fields and then establishing a draw-well. In the case of a perennial garden, water would be carried to the square growing-beds in pairs of pottery jars suspended on long wooden poles on the shoulders of men. Where there was fertile land, they grew cash-crops to be sold for profit abroad. Egyptian farmers also utilized animals in their farming. For example, farmers would use sheep to help them grow corn. Farmers would start by filling a small bag with seed and scattering it across the field. After it is scattered, sheep would be driven over the freshly sowed fields. This helps pack the seeds in the soil. Using this method, farmers were able to handle large fields. This method saved the farmers a lot of time. The Mayans and the Egyptians both had different farming method. Both methods were molded to provide goods to their civilizations. Neither method was more superior. Even though Mayans had more advanced methods, Egyptians had to use very primitive tools because of the land they lived in. This restriction probably caused Egyptians to go for more simple methods. However, one thing is clear – Mayans had a much more developed farming technology than the Egyptians. A civilization will show its true colors when it comes to the hunting of animals. After an animal is captured, the people can choose to kill it or breed it. If a civilization is violent, they will hunt and kill animals to handle their hunger. However, a civilization which chooses to domesticate animals have a greater sense of respect and patience towards the animals. This will prove that the treatment of animals will reflect on the civilization. Farming was not the only important factor in Mayan agriculture. In fact, Mayan agriculture started with the hunting of wild animals and the cultivation of wild crops. Hunting animals is important to agriculture because different tools were made to hunt different animals. The Mayans loved hunting. In a study, researchers found that over 8 months, peasant- hunters carried out a total of 175 hunting trips. Most hunting was done during the dry season (January-April). Mayans really depended on wild animals for food. Therefore, the violence was necessary for their survival. Egyptians domesticated more animals than they hunted. They held animals as sacred and saw them as companions. Upon all animals, the Egyptians respected the ox the most. The Egyptians dressed them up and talked to them like humans. They even gave cattle as sacrifices to the gods. This meant that the Egyptians did not depend on the animals for food. This is a good example of how domestication of animals reflects the attitude of the civilization towards animals. In comparison, Mayans were much more violent towards animals than the Egyptians were. The Mayans saw the animals as food while the Egyptians saw them as something holy. However, animals were more abundant in the Mayan world when compared to Egypt. It could very well be that since Egyptians realized that there was a scarce amount of animals, they should be held sacred. In the Mayan culture, since they saw so much animals and they were more violent than the Egyptians, they probably decided that it was a better idea to eat these animals than to take time domesticating them. Therefore, the Mayans incorporated more meat in their diet than the Egyptians. The average diet of different civilizations will decide which foods were more popular in the culture and in turn what foods would be grown or hunted. This makes a difference in agriculture because not all foods are taken from the wild. If a certain food is liked more, the civilization will work to preserve it through farming or domestication. This is only in the case when that food is less abundant in the land and the civilization truly cannot live without the specific food. The food that was gathered from farming and hunting made up the diet of the Mayans. The everyday diet of this civilization also resembled the type of agriculture they had. For Mayans, they were lovers of corn. Their diets consisted of mostly corn. This reflected in their agriculture because they cultivated mostly corn. On the other hand, Mayans ate other crops too but their diet remained intensively to corn, beans and squash. When it came to meat, Mayans favored turkey over everything else. Turkey was prized in the Mayan culture – they hunted wild turkey most of the time. Mayans also knew about spices because they used chili peppers to spice up their food. Chili peppers was prized almost as much as corn since it was the main spice the Mayan used. Chili peppers were mass cultivated just like corn. The Mayan diet would seem very close to a vegetarian diet. However, they were also intensive hunters and that meant their diets contained meat as well. All in all, the Mayans had a he althy and simple diet consisting mostly of vegetables. The Egyptians held animals sacred and therefore, most Egyptians were vegetarians. In fact, the ox was seen as such a sacred animal that the Egyptians allowed the oxen to have meals with them. They fed the ox like how modern people would feed their dogs. They had a diet of mostly barley and wheat. The dependence on these foods meant that barley and wheat were extensively cultivated. There were also other foods such as corn and date fruits, but barley and wheat were favored among all else. Mayans and Egyptians were very different when it came down to diets. They did not have much in common. However, their diets showed how it could change agriculture. The more they loved a certain food and depend on it, the more it was seen in the fields of the farmers. For Mayans it was corn and for Egyptians, it was wheat and barley. Because they favored it, it was grown more. The farming of certain plants were questionable because it was not seen in the Mayan or Egyptian diet. However, further research shows that some plants were only cultivated for their medicinal purposes. Medicine plays an important part in agriculture because it comes from the land. As people learn to use the plant more for medical use, they are contributing to the growing agriculture. Civilizations usually made medicine from their surroundings. It is interesting to discover how the surrounding land was used to provide medicine for the civilization. The useage of medicine has a large effect on what herbs or plants were grown because if it was essential to the civilization, there was a higher production of these plants. Mayan medicine contained food. Some were from odd sources. For example, chili peppers was not only a condiment for their food. It was actually used as one of the medicine. As mentioned before, chili peppers were one of the most cultivated plants along with corn. This is a perfect example of how medicine played a role in agriculture. The Egyptians did not have much knowledge for medicine. They were naive enough to believe that the cure for all illnesses could be found on a particular plant they called Dgam, or the olive tree. The greater number of medicine were of vegetable origin. They depended very much on the land for medicine. However, in some cases, there were rare instances when animals were used for medicine – for example, pig teeth, lizard blood and putrid meat were among the favorites of the Egyptians for medicine use. The Mayans and Egyptians needed medicine to take care of their inhabitants. However, the methods they used were both very simple. The Mayans and Egyptians used different plants since they had different needs. The Mayans relied on food sources like the chili for cures. The Egyptians relied on plants like the olive tree, which did not do much for medicine. The olive tree was more spiritually healing rather than physically helpful. In the scope of medicine, Mayans win over the Egyptians because their medicine was more powerful and scientific. Egyptians only based their medicine on spiritual beliefs of another power living inside their medicine. Agriculture consists of many different factors but it has essentially the same idea – the gathering of people working together to keep each other alive. This collectiveness is the beginning of a civilization. The mass cultivation of crops needs storage places and tools for efficiency. People need to build homes to accommodate the storage of food. Settling down means relying on a certain area for food. Agriculture is always going to lead to the start of a civilization. Mayan built their civilization somewhere where the food is accessible. The surplus of food happened to be corn – that became their main diet. Hunting turkeys was a preference because the agriculture of the land called for turkeys. They developed complex systems to tend to their farms. The Mayans were famous for their stone pyramids. They used the most abundant source of material they could find in the land and that is part of agriculture. The food, the land and the lifestyle that the Mayans had depended largely in part to their agriculture. Egyptians built their civilization on the harshest of environments. However, they were able to use the Nile River to their advantage. The abundant amount of water in the Nile made it possible for Egyptians to build a truly exotic empire. The Egyptians were famous for their sandstone pyramids. Their pyramids consisted of the desert sand and it was made possible only because the abundance of agriculture was there. The Egyptians used the land to their advantage by incorporating the Nile River in their farming systems. They favored wheat and barley because there was a lot of it. The land gave them what they needed and they built upon that foundation. The Mayans and the Egyptians were both very different in agriculture. The Mayans had the luxury of abundant food. Nature provided Mayans with trees, animals, crops and water. Nature was not so generous with the Egyptians. Their land is probably the direct opposite of the Mayan land. They did not have abundant food and they did not have much animals either. The climate zones were also completely different. The Mayans had warm temperatures and moist environments. The Egyptians had to go through harsh, hot sun and sand storms. Although the Mayans and the Egyptians seemed like they had nothing in common, there was a few things that were similar in both civilizations. First off, the Mayans and the Egyptians both had pyramids. They built it with the most abundant source they could find. Another thing they had in common was the workforce. They both had farmers who worked together to mass cultivate crops. The Egyptian workforce and the Mayan workforce was pretty impressive due to the fact that it was all focused on farming. In both cases, they believed that agriculture was important to a civilization. Agriculture can be many things. It can be the way people hunt for resources, grow resources and use resources. Agriculture can be summed down to the abundance of resources. Once a civilization has settled down, the most abundant resource will begin to show in their culture. The heart of civilization is agriculture and it is as important because it will build up a civilization.

Personal Value Reconciliation

Personal Value Reconciliation Michael Piers March 1, 2010 CMGT 350 I. T. Organization Behavior Mark Paxton The process of changing our thoughts, behavior, values and ethics in a global setting is how we reconcile and as a result, conform to a socially accepted standard. This is often called normative behavior; we act according to the appropriateness of conduct deemed satisfactory to a particular group. The rules of acceptable conduct are dependent on the setting; what is right and wrong or socially acceptable depends greatly on the values of the people (and their respective culture) involved. As a result, the reconciliation of personal values is merely becoming consistent with the actions, thoughts, behavior, values and ethics of our peers, parents, teachers, etc. The intent of this paper is to discuss the aforementioned compliance of personal values as they are adapted to a particular setting. According to the Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, behavioral modeling plays a large role in our learning; the difference between what is or is not accepted is learned through modeling. Much human learning occurs from sitting and watching, or from just happening to notice what someone else is doing. Indeed, more social learning occurs from observing others than from physically or verbally interacting and experiencing positive or negative outcomes. Observation provides information about what may be learned (alternative behaviors, potential consequences, etc. ). When observation occurs under the right circumstances, it can result in immediate changes to learning or performance. Modeling consists of an illustrator and an observer, in which the observer has been influenced by the illustrator. The encyclopedia states that this type of learning has been widely applied, across numerous areas, resulting in learning or performance modification. Therefore, as thinking and reasoning beings, we learn vicariously whether our behaviors are acceptable or not; through written or unspoken consensus, we conform. In 1971, Philip Zimbardo a Stanford University psychology professor conducted a very telling experiment in the basement of the psychology department. According to Zimbardo, â€Å"The purpose was to understand the development of norms and the effects of roles, labels, and social expectations in a simulated prison environment. † What Zimbardo discovered, among other results, was that the students who acted as guards demonstrated (through their assumed roles) a mildly sadistic shift in behavior. Further that the guards exacerbated and encouraged such behavior. In the aforementioned example, the behavior of the guards is likened to mob behavior – a type of herd mentality in which a group acts in unison sometimes losing sight of their understood correctness of behavior. Oxford Psychologist Henri Tajfel coined â€Å"groupness† for â€Å"tendency of various animals, including humans, to form in-groups†¦and to protect their group from outsides and from outside influences. † Often group mentality, in which majority opinion rules, can force compliance through the desire to avoid conflict. As a result, there are numerous examples of failures in judgment because of this mind-set: religious wars, Salem witch trials, the space shuttle disasters, police brutality, etc. According to Tony Robbins, pain and pleasure are the two major motivators that incite people to action. Therefore, to stimulate a desired change, one merely needs to assign more of one motivator than the other. In the preceding circumstance, if the avoidance of conflict outweighs the need to be accepted in a group, then the obvious inclination results in an action avoiding conflict. In a physiological sense, many organisms involuntarily adapt to changes in their environment: the chameleon changes color, plants track the sun across the sky to gain photosynthesis efficiencies and many creatures living within the various ecosystems on earth modify their behaviors as a survival technique. As humans, the means to a compatible coexistence is our ability to adapt. This ability or trait provides for the success of humans in a group setting. We reconcile our values and ethics as a survival technique. We model others, learning vicariously, act as a herd following or succumbing to consensus, and are guided by fear. In religion we are taught to obey the rules or suffer the damnation. Therefore, we learn to adapt or become an outcast to society. ? Works Cited Behavioral Modeling. (2004). In The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/wileypsych/behavioral_modeling Gonzales, L. (2008, October). Mob Mentality. National Geographic Adventure, p. 28. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT. (2007). In Dictionary of Prisons and Punishment. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/willandpp/stanford_prison_experiment

Why Are Cosmetics So Attractive to Adolescent Girls Speech or Presentation

Why Are Cosmetics So Attractive to Adolescent Girls - Speech or Presentation Example I feel that my aims and objectives were simple but relevant. Young girls’ self-esteem usually plummets as they reach adolescence because it is the time when they are developing their own identities. The research question opens up to a world of possibilities in terms of topics to discuss in the literature. The literature review provided much information about the topic at hand and more. It is comprehensive enough to cover the history of cosmetics, societal influence on women to look good, the beauty myth propagated by media and other media influences, adolescence and some theories that relate to the building of their self-esteem.   All these come together to explain some possible answers to the research question for this study. The use of questionnaires and focus group discussion will allow me to delve deeper into the issue with actual adolescent girls aged 13 to 17. I will get the opportunity to hear their insights first-hand as they discuss within a group the following questions: - Do you use cosmetics? If yes, which ones? - - How often do you use cosmetics? - Why do you use cosmetics? - How do you feel when you use cosmetics? - Do you use cosmetics with your friends? - How do you think people see you when you use cosmetics? - What do you think you can get out of using cosmetics? Right now, it seems so easy because I am only visualizing it, but I am sure that there will be several challenges along the way such as seeking the necessary permissions to conduct the study or dealing with uncooperative participants. In terms of preparation, I guess I failed to anticipate what I would feel in front of an audience. My stage fright was terrible but it was good that I had a small audience of people I knew. It was also great that they were so supportive. I think it is because they can relate to my situation because each of us had our turn presenting. I need to learn to be more confident in speaking. I know being prepared with my talk is a must, but I should learn to loosen up and be more candid, be open to whatever possibilities that may arise during my presentation.

Convicted felons in the workforce vs human resource management Research Paper

Convicted felons in the workforce vs human resource management - Research Paper Example This paper is about individuals who possess criminal records, and how their chance to work in the workforce is a notch more difficult than their other peers who have a clean record. In this paper, the researcher would like to focus on a certain type of individual who has been excluded from the rest of society because of their misbehaviour. In legal systems, a felon is someone who has been accused of performing a serious crime and has been legally condemned of doing so. There exist a long list of crimes that can brand a person a criminal, and the ones that are considered to be felonies are not restricted to the following- grand theft, tax evasion, robbery, rape, murder, fraud, kidnapping, violent assaults, treason, arson, illegal drug abuse and drug trafficking, and espionage. Felonies can be considered as a felony under various circumstances, and a convicted felon can only be convicted by a person of legal authority such as a judge (Eisenstein and Jacob, 1991). In this paper, the researcher would like to discuss the reasons regarding preferred characteristics of a potential employee. In the case of felons who decide to join the workforce after serving their time in prison, the researcher would like to investigate how the human resource department in organizations deal with such cases, should they decide to hire a felon. Naturally, hiring a previously convicted criminal can affect an organization’s operations, so companies must be extremely cautious in such cases. For instance, planning employee activities might have to be planned in a different way, or controlling such employees might have to be done in a different manner. The researcher would like to investigate social views on such a controversial topic, and also what can be done to help these felons find their own niche in the workforce. In 2007, reports were made that there are en estimate of 2 million convicted persons in prison serving their time.

Systematic Health Program Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systematic Health Program Evaluation - Essay Example A health program is â€Å"an organized response to reduce or eliminate one or more problems by achieving one or more objectives, with the ultimate goal of improving the health of society.† (Shortell & Richardson, 1978 as cited by Grembowski, 2001, p.3). Program evaluation, representing the techniques and concepts of social science, is the use of social research methods to systematically investigate the effectiveness of social intervention programs and is â€Å"intended to be useful for improving programs and informing social action aimed at ameliorating social problems.† (Rossi, Lipsey & Freeman, 2003, p.28). â€Å"Evaluation research can be defined as a type of study that uses standard social research methods for evaluative purposes, as a specific research methodology, and as an assessment process that employs special techniques unique to the evaluation of social programs† (Powell, 2006). Ever since the concept of value for money in health care was introduced there has been concerted effort to develop techniques that assist decision makers to bring a balance between benefits and costs associated with each option available before them and â€Å"the early application of cost-benefit analysis were undertaken in the United States during the 1930s in connection with flood control programs.† (Robinson, 1993). Policy analysis and evaluation research received fillip at the federal government level in the year 1965 with the introduction of ‘the War on Poverty-Great Society initiative and the Executive Order establishing the Planning-Programming-Budgeting system in the U.S. Both programs initiated scholars to examine the â€Å"efficiency with which public measures allocate resources.... ed scholars to examine the "efficiency with which public measures allocate resources, their impacts on individual behavior, their effectiveness in attaining the objectives for which they were designed, and their effects" in bridging the socio-economic divide. (Rossi, Lipsey & Freeman, 2003, p. 14). Program evaluation is defined as the use of social research methods to systematically investigate the effectiveness of social intervention programs in ways that are adapted to their political and organizational environments that are designed to inform social action in ways that improve social condition. The evaluation sponsors are the person, group, or organization that requests or requires the evaluation and provides the resources to conduct it. Stakeholders include individuals, groups, or organizations having a significant interest in how well a program functions, for instance, those with decision-making authority over the program, funders and sponsors, administrators and personnel, and clients or intended beneficiaries. The findings of an evaluation may be used by decision makers and other stake holders in their day-to-day management level or at broader funding or policy levels. The health promotion cycle consists of four stages, beginning with needs assessment, leading to program planning, implementation and then to evaluation. According to Hawe, Degeling, and Hall (1990) for health promotion, evaluation involves measurement and observation and comparison with some criterion or standard. An evaluation tries to answer the differences made with the introduction of a particular health promotion program and the changes in health status it has produced. Hence, an evaluation involves observing, documenting and measuring of the actual results of the programs in relation to the

Models of Integration and Architecture Research Paper

Models of Integration and Architecture - Research Paper Example Models Viability Enterprise modeling is one of the architectural modeling that is very important in an organization. It has the character of having the basic knowledge about the enterprise and previous models about the same type of enterprises together with new ideas. This helps the organization to have a high propelling factor and gives the management team the ability to understand their duties in order to run the enterprise effectively. This model is endowed with the knowledge of giving any organization the way through by ensuring there are enough of resources, information, goals and activities to perform in order to ensure continuity (Bubenko, 2009). This model can be mostly used in marketing an organization or can apply to organization which offers consultant services to other organization to ensure their success. The design of an enterprise is given by this important factor of enterprise modeling because it gives the explicit language that defines the enterprise. When the modeli ng design is introduced in an organization, it gives the organization the morale to perform its duty, because every one working in the organization will have a good understanding of his duties in the organization (Frank, 2009). It also helps the organization to gain a large market share and have a large profit margin. This improves the structural shape of the organization leading to its growth and expansion. Functional modeling is the other modeling design that will align the steps to be followed in product manufacture. This gives the guidelines on how raw materials are turned into finished goods. This is the backbone of every organization because it is the sector that generates goods sold to customers. This means that this part of production should be taken seriously so as to give quality products that will not be rejected by customers, because when they are rejected they bring a major loss to the organization. When such losses appear in an organization they might lead to the closu re of the organization. This is also the model that controls the finances of an organization. It is the body that is concerned with purchasing the raw materials, refining the raw materials to finished goods and marketing the goods to the customers. These organization departments are very important and if not well managed, they can cause a down fall of the organization. The departments arrange for the human resource and control every activity that is undertaken in the organization (Bubenko, 2009). The end of each department in an organization should ensure that he provides policies and procedures to govern daily operation. Barriers Leading to Lack of Adoption of the Models The major barriers in adopt such models in an organization include lack of finances, poor management strategies in an organization, lack of raw materials and lack of skilled personnel. Lack of finances is a major factor that can result to poor or failure to implement of these models in an organization, because they require a lot of cash to be fully implemented. Lack of management leads to poor utilization of organizational resources leading to lack of resources to run the organization, which can not only lead to lack of adoption of the models but also can lead to the closure of the organization like Cleveland clinic (Dietz, 2010). Resources that are required for production in an organization are very important for the growth of the organization (Frank, 2009). These are the raw materials which give the organization

Optional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Optional - Essay Example Shanghai city has drawn the attention of the globe because of the following reasons: it has one of largest and ever busy seaport, it has dynamically advanced in technology and it is the biggest financial and trade center of China (French, Paul & Matthew, 2010, Pg. 15). Its location is at 121Â °29 east longitude and 31Â °41 north latitude. On the literal ground, it is situated on the southward of river Yangtze and on the eastward side of the coast region of China. It is bordered by Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces on the westward side and on the eastward direction there is a Sea, and on the south there is Hangzhou Bay (French, Paul & Matthew, 2010, Pg. 25). The city is centrally located along the coast of China. Its geographic location is central, and it is connected to various parts of China and also to the World. The rich connection aids commercial activities to take place in it and other places where it links. The availability of sea ports has increased local and international trade activities; it is playing a vital role in development of the global economy. Most of the land of shanghai is flat except some hill areas which are located on the southwest region. The city covers the alluvial plain which is served with water from river Yangtze. The p lains support agriculture that feeds the people of the city and other parts of the country. Shanghai city has many resources of water including rivers and lakes with it with water for both domestic, industrial and agriculture purposes (French, Paul & Matthew, 2010, Pg. 30). Shanghai city has the highest population in China. The number of people who permanently reside there are more than 23 million which comprise of 1.2% of the total population of China. The population density of the city is 2,060 per square kilometer. All the ethnic groups of China are represented in the Shanghai city with the minority group having a population of 105,523 people. Due to the development progress of Shanghai, the

Teenage Pregnancy Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teenage Pregnancy - Annotated Bibliography Example One of the first main points that should be covered in this paper is to highlight what exactly would be the outcomes of somebody were to not get an abortion. Kate Kerzinke outlined an effective paper on this topic in 2003 in the New York Times. The author identifies that there is a cycle associated with teenage pregnancy which is that a teenage girl gets pregnant, leavers their formal education, becomes dependant on welfare and in turn raises a child that herself becomes a teenage mother and then repeats the cycle. Whilst this paper does not necessarily come directly from an academic journal it was published in the New York Times which is a fairly reputable publication. Moreover there may be a concern that the information is not the most current however for the purpose of this paper, the source will be used to discuss socioeconomic problems and not demographic trends so the information would remain up to date. The next source that will be examined I a paper that highlights where demographic trends are heading in regards to teenage abortion. Bielski, 2010 was an excellent source for this information. His work which appeared in the Globe and Mail identified that the abortion rate droped by approximately 36.9% in Canada. Although it is the case that the focus of this research was in the Canadian Market, one could make the argument that Canada and The United States are nations that are not totally unlike each other. Moreover the article appeared in a newspaper and not an academic journal but much like the New York Times, the Globe and Mail is a respected article and as such is heavily scrutinized by the Canadian public.

Consideration - Pre-existing Duties and Part Payment of Debts Essay

Consideration - Pre-existing Duties and Part Payment of Debts - Essay Example The facts of the case were that a borrower, Cole, owed Pinnel [the lender] the equivalent of  £8.50 [ £8-10s-0d] which was to be repaid on 11 November. At the lender’s request, the borrower paid  £5.11 [ £5-2s-2d] on 1 October, which the lender claimed to accept in full settlement of the debt.    The lender then successfully sued the borrower for the outstanding amount.   The House of Lords held that since no consideration was exchanged to enforce the promise of the lender to accept part-payment of a debt on the due date from the borrower, then the lender could pursue full payment of the debt at a later date. This remains the general rule at common law.   However, in Pinnel’s Case, it was also said that the agreement to accept part payment would have bound the lender if fresh consideration had been provided to show accord and satisfaction.   This might be: The facts of the case were that a borrower, Cole, owed Pinnel [the lender] the equivalent of  £8. 50 which was to be repaid on 11 November. At the lender’s request, the borrower paid  £5.11 [ £5-2s-2d] on 1 October, which the lender claimed to accept in full settlement of the debt.    The lender then successfully sued the borrower for the outstanding amount.   The House of Lords held that since no consideration was exchanged to enforce the promise of the lender to accept part-payment of a debt on the due date from the borrower, then the lender could pursue full payment of the debt at a later date.

Real Consumer Expenditure and Real Disposable Personal Income Research Paper

Real Consumer Expenditure and Real Disposable Personal Income - Research Paper Example This is evidenced by the R2 value of 0.9968 for the exponential fit as compared to the R2 value of 0.943 for a linear fit (not shown here). From a span of only 60 years, consumption expenditure increased eightfold. The trend only serves as further evidence of the consumer characterization attributed to American society. To determine volatility we graph the rate of change of the data set. For a time-series data, the process would involve subtracting the value for the former year from the value of the current year then dividing by the value of the former year. The resulting value is then multiplied by 100% to convert it into percentages. While the graph in Figure 1 shows that the values are essentially increasing, Figure 2 would indicate a very volatile set of values. The graph shows that the rate of change fluctuates almost in a sinusoidal manner yet it can be seen that the points are mostly placed higher than the x-axis indicating positive rate of change. What is observable is that the period seems to have a 10-year period which begins to rise at the base decade year, climbs up to maximum value in the middle period (5's) then decrease again. The highest positive change was registered in the 3rd quarter of 1950 with a value of 5.146% and the highest negative change in the following quarter with -2.945%. Another time-series data which was acq... Another time-series data which was acquired from the same agency's website was the Personal Income and its Disposition also starting from the 1947 (1). Only the Total Disposable Personal Income found in Row 35 was. The same methodology was used for the analysis. From the graph of Figure 3, we can see that the data set is also increasing. Employing the methods of best fit curve resulted to the exponential fitting as the choice because of the high R2 value. However, we can see that the recent values fall short of the expected behavior. Fig. 3: Graph of Real Disposable Personal Income (1947 - 2007 Quarterly) The rate of change, as can be seen from Figure 4, shows some semblance of sinusoidal behavior although the cycle can not be easily defined. This implies high volatility. As with the same method we used in the first data set, we see that there was generally positive rate of change with negative rates of change occurring in between decades. The highest positive rate of change occurred in the First Quarter of 1950 corresponding to the highest rate of change in the first data while the highest negative rate of change occurred in the Second Quarter of 1947. Fig. 4: Percentage Change of the Total Disposable Personal Income (1947 - 2007) Consumption Models 1. Model (1): Levels (long-run) with the equation: lnCt = a + blnYt which has the same form as y=mx+b Where: Ct = is the Real Consumer Expenditure or y Yt = is the Disposable Personal Income or x The basic question that this modeling exercise would like to answer is to determine whether there is a relationship between Expenditure and Income. Our idea is that as income increases so does expenditure. For time-series data set, there is a need to find the natural logarithms of

Gamma Camera Quality Control Essay Example for Free

Gamma Camera Quality Control Essay Quality control focuses on detection of errors performance changes of gamma camera systems which may adversely affect nuclear medicine interpretation (Technical Standards Subcommittee, 1999:1). Based on already prescribed baseline conditions, routine checks are conducted to ensure that the camera operated within the allowable limits. There are quite a number of factors which may contribute to final imaging quality of a gamma ray camera. These include resolution (intrinsic and energy), uniformity, collimation and the device for hard copy (Technical Standards Subcommittee, 1999:1). Additionally, various studies have suggested like other factors like count rate ability also affect image quality of gamma ray camera. Daily QC operations are often limited to monitoring of parameters that are considered most sensitive to the performance of the system and those that are likely to affect nuclear medicine studies. This experimental review focuses on critical quality control areas of gamma camera systems. These are background/contamination check, flood field uniformity and spatial resolution (intrinsic/extrinsic) and finally the whole body scan resolution. The quality control is assisted by a SIEMENS ECAM gamma camera at the nuclear medicine department of Prince Wales Hospital. Background/contamination check This check aims to examine the gamma camera/scanning room contamination. It is recorded from the routine gamma camera QC tests. It is important to note that radionuclide contamination is not observable using naked human eye (NEMA, 1994). Such could result into the patient and the technician’s subjection to increased and unnecessary radiation doses. Contamination results from an array of factors including container leakage, patient secretion and general accidents. Additionally, increased background radiation levels may result from â€Å"hot† patient’s proximity to unshielded radiation from imaging devices (Busemann, Kugi Bergmann, 1993:896). Potential penetration through the neck of the camera is also possible in such instances where high energy agents are used. When of sufficient intensity ? 500, it could potentially sacrifice imaging quality (Busemann, Kugi Bergmann, 1993:896). Various researches have suggested that backgrounds with moderate elevation could potentially compromise intrinsic uniformity and other measurements. Results: The results from the practical put the background intensity at ? 200-400 cps (monitor observation) The result falls within the accepted limits thus significantly represented good environment for quality imaging assuming all the other factors are unaffected. Uniformity Uniformity QC checks aims at ensuring that detector’s responses to uniform radiation are kept uniform within specified limits. This is one of the basic QC tests in gamma camera applications. This is based on the fact that the camera is operated on the principle that observed differences originate from patient tracer distribution and thus the gamma camera induces no differences (NEMA, 1994). Defects in uniformity may be marked and focal for instance when photomultiplier tubes fail, and as a result of general uniformity degradation across the view field due to distorted spatial linearity/corrections for energy (Cranage Peake, 1979: 81). When uniformity is checked using a collimator, it is referred to as an extrinsic uniformity check while in such instances when a collimator is not used, it is referred to as extrinsic uniformity check (Cranage Peake, 1979: 81).

Why Aristotle Sees Moral Virtue

Why Aristotle Sees Moral Virtue Aristotle claims we become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts. (p120). How does he establish this, and what does it tell us about virtue, and the goal of human life. In this paper I will make discuss why Aristotle sees moral virtue as something which must be taught through emulation of role models, rather than learnt through detached methods. I will then extrapolate what Aristotles claim tells us about moral virtue, and what this means for the goal of a human life. Before I begin to determine what Aristotles claim tells us about virtue, and means for the goal of human life, I will reconstruct how Aristotle arrives at his conclusion. In Book II, chapter I Aristotle begins by defining exactly what he believes virtue to be. Aristotle sees virtue as, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtue in the main owes both its birth and its growth to teaching (for which reason it requires experience and time), while moral virtue comes about as a result of habit (Aristotle 120). Essentially Aristotle is of the opinion that we are taught intellectual virtue, and we are habituated through repeated exposure to displays of moral virtue by moral role models. Aristotle next contends that moral virtues are not imbedded in us naturally, noting, nothing that exists by nature can form a habit contrary to its nature (Aristotle 120). Aristotle claims that we are constituted by nature to receive moral virtues, but that their full development in us is due to habit. Essentially, we are not born with moral virtue, but it is natural for us to become moral through the emulation of the morality of others. Aristotle moves on to propose the crux of his views on moral virtue, that we develop moral virtues by observing others, and then practicing them. In order to convince the reader of this, he introduces the analogy of the Arts in order to make his case for moral virtue, using the two examples of building and lyre-playing. For things that we have to learn by doing, he says, we learn by doing. Aristotle then delivers his argument that, men become builders by building and lyre players by playing the lyre ; so too we become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts (Aristotle 120). Aristotle offers support for this view by introducing the example of legislation in the contemporary Greek city-states. Aristotle argues that legislators make their citizens good by habituation, which he feels should be the intention of every legislator. Those who do not carry out this habituation of their citizens fail in their goals. Essentially, Aristotle feels that under a good constitution, legislators pass laws that habituate the citizens to behave morally. According to Aristotle, this is what makes the difference between a good constitution and a bad one. Aristotle further purports that like activities produce like dispositions. As a result, he feels that we must give our activities a certain quality, as it is the characteristics of the activity that determine the resulting dispositions. Aristotle expresses this sentiment by claiming that, it is from playing the lyre that both good and bad lyre-players are produced (Aristotle 121). It is essential that good habits be instilled in a person from early youth, he claims, so it is a matter of great importance what sort of habits we form from the earliest age. Aristotle goes as far as to say that, it makes a very great difference, or rather all the difference in the world (Aristotle 121). I will now move on to a discussion of what Aristotles declaration tells us about virtue, and what it suggests that the goal of human life be. Aristotle tells us that virtues cannot be passions, because we are not praised or blamed for the way we feel, but instead are praised or blamed for our virtues this is because our feelings arise more or less involuntarily in response to circumstances (Aristotle 123). Aristotles reason for denying that virtues are faculties is similar. Part of a persons faculties consist of his or her ability to feel anger, however, we do not praise or blame people for having the ability to feel anger instead we often praise people for tending to manifest their ability to feel anger when, and only when, the circumstances call for it (Aristotle 123). Aristotle concludes that virtues must therefore be states of character. By understanding that moral virtues are states of character, Aristotle presents us with a picture of what virtues are. Aristotle tells us that moral virtues are states of character lying at the mean between extremes of excess and deficiency. The view that virtues lie at the mean between the two extremes is intended to help us identify which states of character are the virtuous ones. Both excess and deficiency in the practice of a virtue can result in its destruction while the practice of the mean between them can preserve it. The virtuous state of character will therefore be a tendency to feel and react to circumstances in an appropriate manner and to an appropriate degree (Aristotle 126). Aristotle however, does not tell us just what circumstances warrant what degree of passion with respect to virtues, or what degree of action is appropriate under which circumstances. Common sense suggests that there should be some leeway for judging the deviation from the mean towards excess or def iciency, and that our behaviour must be suited to the particular circumstances as best we see fit given our understanding of intellectual virtue. Not all states of character can be construed as virtuous however. Aristotle notes that there are acts and characteristics that are truly evil and have no intermediate degrees. Aristotle expresses this by declaring that, every action or feeling admits of a mean; because some have names that directly connote depravity, such as malice, shamelessness and envy, and among actions adultery, theft and murder (Aristotle 125). Aristotles theory of moral virtue contends that our ultimate purpose or goal in life should be to reach eudaimonia, the state of moral happiness. However, to reach this state of happiness requires the ability to function according to both our virtues and our sense of innate reason. By using principles of both the intellectual and moral virtue, which becomes habit upon practice and imitation, we must learn to make decisions that are right and just-not necessarily for our own personal benefit, but simply because we possess an understanding that something is the right course of action. Without having these two aspects of morality work together, obtainment of eudaimonia is impossible. In summary, it is our understanding of intellectual virtue (which we learn from others) that allows us to perceive what is right while our display of moral virtue aids us in carrying out what we know to be the correct and just course of action. One of the most important ideas which Aristotle expresses in his Nicomachean Ethics is the need to strike a balance between extremes in behaviour, thought, and action. In his attempt to explain moral virtue and, eudaimonia which is the central goal of human life Aristotle describes the importance of finding a middle ground in ones life or, achieving a balance. To achieve these aims and reach eudaimonia, Aristotle declares that we must do the right thing because it is right, not because there is a personal stake in terms of the future possibility of pleasure or pain (Aristotle 126-127). Essentially, what is morally right or wrong is something that we can understand through intellectual virtue, and we can apply this knowledge of moral behaviour through our practice and habituation of moral virtues. In conclusion, Aristotle arrives at his claim that we become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts by offering an analogy of the Arts. By utilizing the example of a lyre-player, Aristotle shows that one can only become proficient in their actions, including the expression of moral virtues, by observing others actions and then practicing. Moral virtues, for Aristotle, are to be distinguished from intellectual virtues. Moral virtue has to do with feeling, choosing, and acting well. Intellectual virtue is identified as a kind of wisdom acquired by teaching. Aristotle is vehement in his belief that moral virtues are not imbedded in us naturally and that we must acquire them by habituation that this acquisition come during early childhood is of extreme importance in his mind. Aristotle tells us that moral virtue is displayed as the intermediate condition between excess and deficiency with respect to a persons feelings and actions. According Aristotles theory of moral virtue, the goal of human life should therefore be to achieve eudaimonia, which can be acquired by an intellectual understanding of what is right and wrong, and the striking of a balance between extremes in behaviour, thought, and action.

Type A Personality Implications with Stress Related Illness

Type A Personality Implications with Stress Related Illness VULNERABILITY OF TYPE A PERSONALITY  TO STRESS-RELATED ILLNESSES  DUE TO THEIR ERRATIC PERSONA Angelica Marie C. Jarabe Outline Type A personality is prone to stress-related illness because of their 3 major negative characteristics and attitudes towards work. Introduction â€Å"It’s not the stress that kills us; it our reaction to it.† – Hans Selye. Stress is inevitable part of our existence. The self-imposing reaction of our body and mental capacity to different situations, events, and even in our environment is also cause by our different dominant behaviour or so called â€Å"persona.† It is the one that affects our way of coping and perceiving stress. Stress sometimes consumes our inner ability to grasp the essence of living. We feel stress when we get bogged down by problems, deadlines, realistic desires, and uncontrollable events on our lives. They say that it is our choice on how we response to those circumstances. Sometimes we either take it as a negative or positive but the truth is it is natural mechanism of our body. According to a book entitled Introduction to Psychology (Aguire, 2008), â€Å"stress may be the difficult word to define†. It is because we have different way of responding in such circumstances when people experience stress. This response is based on person’s perception and evaluation of oneself to the nature of events. The differences of the way we respond to a situation are cause by our personality. Higher risk of illnesses can be linked with one of the type of personality which so called Type A personality. Type A personality is prone to stress-related illness because of their 3 major negative characteristics and attitudes towards work. Type A personality is prone to stress-related illness because of their 3 major negative characteristics and attitudes towards work. Discussion One of the factors that contribute to the development of chronic diseases and illness is being linked by our repetitive pattern of behaviour and our unique personality. Our personality defined as our pure and total makeup of ourselves which includes thoughts, habits, attitudes, weaknesses, strengths, and deepest fears. (Nevid, Rathus Greene, 2000, p.158) Sometimes we feel and considered that stress is brought by some changes in our environment. In fact, even we are the major contributor of stress. Based on what I found, psychologist stated that people carries a lot of destructive thoughts and unreasonable beliefs which afflicted our normal living. (Morris Maisto, 2006, p. 359) Some features of our unique makeup can have positive and negative effects to our health. A person being optimistic and appreciative can impose a positive effect to one’s health. They tend to see the good things even in worse situation. As a result, they are capable to strive and have a positive outlook in life. Others manifest challenging situation as a negative part of their success. Those personalities being engage to certain erratic persona are so called Type A personality increases the effects of major stress-related health problems. (Morris Maisto, 2006, p. 359) I found out that there are some findings that relate stress to certain illnesses like coronary heart disease, headaches, hypertension and even cancer. (Aguirre, 2008, p. ) Based on observation in 1950 carried out by the two cardiologists Friedman and Rosenman, who are trying to found out the relation of personality to heart disease, those patients who are short-tempered and easily irritated has a higher risk of developing heart disease. This brought to a theory which accompany as a certain type of behaviour – Type A behaviour pattern (TABP). (Saul McLeod, 2011). According to my gathered data, these are the following facet of Type A personality: Ambitious – Type A individual are driven to compete and has a critical evaluation of oneself in terms of achievement and success. They tend to complicate certain situations and being doubt by their irrational beliefs. Time-consciousness – They always set their priorities and task with a timeframe and deadlines. Most frequently, they easily irritated if they encountered certain delays and tight schedule situations. Because of that, they tend to be in a hurry and simultaneously do their work. Aggressive – This is the most dominant behaviour characterized by Type A personality. Due to certain negative perception of any situation they often feel frustrated and angry. This shows direct relation to the development of heart disease. (Adapted from Saul McLeod, 2011) These are the following criteria to test if a person possesses a trait of Type A personality: Usually feel guilty if they used their spare time to relax and do nothing for few days. Competitive in different ways and not being content within themselves. Do their work more than at a time. Move, eat and walk quickly Prefer to read concise concepts rather than the whole content of the book. Lose patience and irritated if they encountered delays, traffic, and unfortunate events. Tend to evaluate their achievement and success by quantities. Make different gestures like fingers drumming, teeth grinding and fist pounding. Things must be done in certain set of time. Over think of their problems even when they doing something or talking to someone. (As cited in Coon, 2006, p. 443) According to Rathus (2007), â€Å"Many health problems are affected by psychological factors, such as attitudes, emotions, and behaviour.† These are the following serious health problems that also being linked to Type A behaviour Pattern: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) – As cited in Rathus (2007), â€Å"It is the leading cause of death in United States.† It is characterized as by the decreasing of supply of oxygen in the heart and result to hardening of arteries (arthrosclerosis). I found that the incidence of having this disease is also cause by our attitudes and emotions to certain situation in life. Severe stress and negative emotional response has a huge impact to our immune system. Based on a research conducted in people with Type A personality, found out that the dominant behaviour which is hostility contribute to the increase of blood pressure in the body, high cholesterol level and clogging of arteries which may be a serious threat to their health. (Rathus, 2007, p. 388) Headaches – According to one study I found, about 53% people are susceptible to migraine headaches showed a Type A behaviour pattern. This throbbing pain of head can be triggered by some psychological factors like anxiety, depression and exposed to extreme stressful conditions. (Rathus, 2007, p. 386) Cancer – Based on my researches, there is no direct evidence that stress can cause cancer. However, stress weakens our immune system and can cause various changes in the functioning of other system in the body. One study conducted to show the effects of emotional stress to the development of cancer cells. The condition of producing and spreading of cancer cells happen in the stage called â€Å"metastasis†. Based on the laboratory results conducted to mice and human which are subjected with cancer. When they are under influence of stress their system produce a hormone called norepinephrine. Thus, that hormone will boost the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. (â€Å"Psychological†, 2002) Type A personality is prone to stress-related illness because of their 3 major negative characteristics and attitudes towards work.

Julius Caesar Essay: Brutus as the Tragic Hero -- Julius Caesar Essays

Brutus as the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragedy, Julius Caesar, displays Brutus as a tragic hero, blinded loyalty and devotion. Brutus's heroic belief of honor and virtue was so powerful that it drove him to perform villainous actions and lead to his destruction. The tragic hero is "presented as a person neither entirely good nor entirely evil, who is led by some tragic flaw to commit an act that results in suffering and utter defeat." (Morner, Kathleen & Rausch, Ralph. 1991, Pg. #227) Brutus was guided by his firm decrees of honor, yet he was unconsciously hypocritical. He praised himself for refusing bribes and not acquiring money through dishonest means, "For I can raise no money by vile means" (Act IV Scene iii) yet he rebuked Cassius for refusing to share with him his own fraudulent gains. He strove for uprightness using dishonest and corrupt ways to accomplish his supposed morals. In Julius Caesar, Cassius approached Brutus with the idea of assassinating Caesar. Cassius needed Brutus because of his renowned heroic qualities. He used Brutus as an insurance policy, declaring "Brutus shall lead, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest and best hearts of Rome." (Act III, Scene i) Cassius lead him to fear Caesar is too ambitious and despotic. This forced Brutus to come to the conclusion that Caesar's death is the only way to solve Rome's problem. "And therefore think him as a serpent's egg, Which hatched would, as his kind, grow mischievous, And kill him in the shell." (Act II, Scene i) Brutus believed that this is for Rome's own good, "not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more." (Act III, Scene ii) Cassius manipulated Brutus into thinking that he must eliminate C... ...and devotion destroyed him. The greatest good in this tragic hero lead him to the wickedest evil. Works Cited http://student.cscc.edu/ENGL/Engl264/traglex.htm. Shakespearean Tragedy. 11-29-99. Yahoo. Bloom, Harold. William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Chelsea House Publisher; Connecticut, New York, & Pennsylvania. 1988, Pg. #33 - 36 Boyce, Charles. Shakespeare A to Z. Roundtable Press, Inc.; New York. 1990, Pg. #78 - 80 Durband, Alan. Shakespeare Made Easy: Julius Caesar. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; New York. 1985. Ludowyk, E.F.C. Understanding Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press; New York. 1962, Pg. #184 - 187 Morner, Kathleen & Rausch, Ralph. NTC's Dictionary of Literary Terms. National Textbook Company; Illinois. 1991, Pg. #225 - 227 Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Dover Publications, Inc.; New York. 1991.   

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Hamlets Madness :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet's Madness         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   `What is madness?   Is someone mad merely because they are different, and do they in return see the same about the world?   The dictionary defines madness as, â€Å"1.   the state of being mad; insanity.   2.   senseless folly.   3.   frenzy; rage.   4.   intense excitement or hilarity.†Ã‚   Though is there a difference between madness and wrath or rage? Was Hamlet mad, or was it one big act in order to give reason for his irrational actions and to keep his vengeful motives confidential?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's tragedy, Hamlet, these questions are continually asked and some are answered.   Hamlet, the protagonist, has lost his father by murder, and is urged to seek vengeance by his father who appears to him as a ghost. This raises the first bit of suspicion of madness.   Hamlet talks with his father and is told,      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet: If thou didst ever thy dear father love-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most would say that the fact that he saw the ghost of his dead father would be enough to warrant that he is insane.   The only fact that hinders this observation is the fact that others saw the ghost as well and were even the ones who told young Hamlet of his appearance.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many may see Hamlet being insane only by the worldly view of him being different. Though towards the end of the play in Act III, Gertrude calls her son to her chambers to discuss the reasoning of his putting on a play so closely related to the death of his father.   She tells him how upset Claudius is and is weary of Hamlet's recent actions.   At this Hamlet explodes on his mother and threatens to kill her.   Gertrude cries for help, and Pilonius answers this cry. Hamlet runs him through with his rapier without even thinking.   Hamlet tells her to report to Claudius this message:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gertrude:   Mad as the sea and wind when both contend   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which is mightier.   In his lawless fit,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Behind the arras hearing something stir,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whips out his rapier, cries â€Å"A rat, a rat,†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And in this brainish apprehension kills   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The unseen good old man.    This incident shows Hamlet's wanting others to think that he is truly mad.   But was it his insanity that brought about the rash action of killing the unknown man behind the tapestry or was it his postponed revenge that consumed him. Is there a difference?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet in many incidence's tells people of his insanity, he tells Guildenstern that he is mad.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guildenstern: My lord, we were sent for.

Examining Historical Document of the Pinkerton National Detective Agenc

Butch Cassidy and his gang of outlaws have had a profound effect on America during the late 1800s. Because of this infamous â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency produced many wanted ads for these criminals. One of these timeless works was made by the Pinkerton Agency and ended up in the hands of my college's library. This piece of historical literature dates back to about hundred years ago which has descriptions of each of Butch Cassidy and others who rode with him on his adventurous, risk taking journeys around the country. This antique piece of paper is very significant for it’s time period and is in still decent shape. Other than some tears around the corners, you can still read the entire page without a problem. This document has aged well, but still has changed its color to a brownish-beige. It also looks as if it was in either a book or a newspaper made to notify Americans of the crazed outlaws on the loose. A printing press was used to make this notification for the Pinkerton Agency, which was an astounding invention of its time to speed up the process of getting newspapers out to the public. To track down the famed â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the Pinkertons set this document with detailed descriptions of each outlaw with their picture and name underneath it. This particular antique was produced on Opera House Block in Denver Colorado. With the Pinkerton’s report, this helped catch some of the most vicious outlaws of their time. There were many men in the gang that terrorized the wes tern frontier, but the most notorious six were named and described on the document. George Parker, Harry Longbaugh, Camilla Hanks, Harvey Logan, Ben Page 2 Kilpatrick, and William Carver were all mentioned with their... ...y stole $97.00. Another important name mentioned was Ben Kilpatrick who was a native Texan, but eventually Page 5 left home and ventured into Wyoming and Utah. This is where he met Elzy Lay, who was a good friend of Butch Cassidy. Lastly, was William Carver who was also a native Texan who went by the name â€Å"B.L.† Carver. He began his life working on a ranch as a cowboy, but soon turned to the malicious ways of Butch Cassidy. He met Butch Cassidy while at a hideout called the Robbers Roost in Utah and rode with them until his death in 1901. In conclusion, this reckless group of men were constantly a focal point of their capture by the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency during the late 18th century. With this piece of profound literature, we know a little more about our past and what it was like for these men during the time of the old wild west.

Rational Approach of Organizational Change Essay

Committee unanimously approved a financial fair play concept for the game’s well-being in September 2009 and on 27 May 2010 approved the UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations Edition 2010, in the presence and with the full support of the European Club Association chairman, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge. The concept, which has been supported by everyone around football, looks at the long as well as short-term health of club football and individual clubs. In particular, the objectives aim to introduce more discipline within club finances and encourage responsible spending and investment. Financial fair play is a key point in the 11 values of the UEFA president presented at the UEFA Congress in Copenhagen in March 2009. Despite a background of huge and increasing public and commercial interest in European club football over the last decade, many clubs across Europe are in poor financial health, struggling to meet their financial responsibilities and commitments, and reporting repeated financial losses. UEFA has a duty to consider the systemic environment of European club football in which individual clubs compete, in particular, the wider inflationary impact of clubs’ spending on salaries and player transfer fees and increasing levels of indebtedness across European club football, as the Club Licensing Benchmarking Report shows. Therefore, as requested by and in consultation with the football family, UEFA has aimed to develop sensible and achievable club monitoring requirements to supplement the existing club licensing criteria, in order to safeguard the sustainability of European club football. To supplement and complement the former UEFA Club Licensing Regulations, the UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations, comprising both club licensing criteria and club monitoring requirements derived from the financial fair play concept, entered into force on 1 June 2010, with the various financial fair play requirements being phased in over a number of seasons. The consistent application of the club licensing criteria by licensors and the monitoring of clubs are overseen by the independent Club Financial Control Panel, which was created in 2009. If a criterion or requirement of the regulations is not fulfilled, appropriate measures will be taken against the club by UEFA’s independent disciplinary bodies. Potential disciplinary sanctions are the remit of the competent disciplinary bodies that have a palette of sanctions at their disposal including ultimately the exclusion from future UEFA club competitions. Since its creation, the Club Financial Control Panel has referred numerous clubs to UEFA’s disciplinary bodies for both club licensing and club monitoring breaches. Of course many people also believe that the dream of Michel Platini for competitive but healthy football for all the 660 football teams under UEFA’s jurisdiction will fail. But taking into consideration the fact that if the FFP fails the credibility of Michel Platini will be harmed the UEFA Club Financial Control Panel are determined to help the president of UEFA achieve its dream. The tasks of the independent Club Financial Control Panel to achieve Platini’s dream are to ensure that the UEFA club licensing system is applied correctly across all 53 UEFA member associations and that clubs have fulfilled the criteria defined in the UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations. As well as conducting and deciding on licensing compliance audits to check the awarding of licenses by the national decision-making bodies and checking that club competition integrity rules have been observed, the Club Financial Control Panel governs the ongoing club monitoring process (financial fair play) after the awarding of licenses. It was introduced at the start of the 2004/05 season with the goal of encouraging European club football to look beyond the short term and consider underlying longer-term objectives essential for the game’s continued good health. It is based on a series of defined quality standards, which each club must accomplish to gain entry to UEFA’s club competitions, and on the key principles of transparency, integrity, credibility and capability. The 36 specific criteria of the licensing system can be broken down into five main categories: 1) sporting 2) infrastructure 3) personnel 4) legal 5) financial These criteria – developed in cooperation with the national associations – have helped to improve the credibility of club operations and led to better transparency and governance by clubs and national associations. A license granted to a club by its national association proves that it has achieved a certain quality level.

Life Developed Only on Earth Essay

deportment unquestionable only on this integrity small planet in this atomic number 53 small galaxy. There atomic number 18 some(prenominal) reasons to explain this and some of these are the future(a) First of all, water is sufficient on flat coat making it fit for aliment to exist (BBC, n. d. ). Second, oxygen is on tap(predicate) on priming for a life story to bundle on living (BBC, n. d. ). Third, neither state is in addition close nor too farthermost from the cheerfulness, thus neither it is not too warm nor is it too cold to give-up the ghost in (BBC, n. d. ). Fourth, the chemicals necessitated to create a living cell are more than liberal (BBC, n. d. ).Fifth, a considerable amount of ready and animal species have already developed and adjusted to the environment (BBC, n. d. ). Sixth, the surface of the estate is perfectly designed since it amazingly protects it from the rays of the Sun (BBC, n. d. ). This is the same reason why the basis gets the right t emperature while other planets are either extremely hot or excessively cold (BBC, n. d. ). Consequently, this also make it possible for water to be available in its liquid state (BBC, n. d. ).S scourth, even if it has been said that life exists in Mars, there are no evidences that support such(prenominal)(prenominal) yet (Fisher, 2005). Furthermore, telescopes are not that technical enough to provide details as to whether life really exists there or not (Fisher, 2005). Moreover, to declare such a statement would entail a side by side(predicate) scrutiny of the aforementioned (Fisher, 2005). Eighth, unfortunately, nobody from Earth can leave for Mars (Fisher, 2005). In fact, even NASA say no such mission forget be attempt for several years (Fisher, 2005).Last just now not least, the Earth is the only planet which has a magnetic field that turns international dangerous particles of space radiation (Fisher, 2005). This nub that other planets have a more than lesser air and hav e a much colder temperature, thus living will be quite impossible (Fisher, 2005).ReferencesBBC. (n. d. ). wherefore is There Life on Earth? Retrieved exalted 22, 2007 from http//www. open2. net/science/finalfrontier/life/why. htm Fisher, D. (2005). Is there Life on Mars. Retrieved August 22, 2007 from http//spaceplace. nasa. gov/en/kids/phonedrmarc/2002_june. shtml

The Identification by Roger Mcgough Analysis

You need to be carrying the text containing of the instant.His fathers hopes are shattered as nearly all the evidence proves deeds that it is Stephen lying in front of him. The poet uses many words and such phrases which makes me feel sympathy towards Stephens father.When Stephens father enters the room, he says, â€Å" So you think its Stephen? Then Id best own make sure. Be on the safe side as it were.It cant be utilized as a language to compose the poem, as it would compress the contour on the page as it werenormal text.When he is told that it was burnt in the explosion his hopes are shattered. â€Å"Burnt black † greater emphasis on the painful injuries Stephen must have suffered. This is an awful thing to experience as a parent. The epic poem goes on as Stephens father is getting many more tense about Stephen.

Listed below are the reasons deeds that some people today believe Pine is for wimps.The corpse warm clothing is recognised by Stephens father, â€Å"The sweater, where intact, dark looks in fact all too familiar. † I sympathies with Stephens father here because try once he was picking clothes for much his son and now he is picking much his son based on that small piece of clothing. how This is a fearful thing to do as a parent.Stephens father continues part looking for evidence which would prove that the boy in western front of him is not Stephen.You will receive your own back.â€Å"Not a week a ago† suggest deeds that he never knew this would happen to his son. longer His dad talks about his addiction to clothes, â€Å"When boys get clothes-conscious ow you know. † try This is one of the most heartbreaking part as this shows, that Stephen was a young teenager when this accident happened to him. I good feel sorry for Stephens father as his human heart must be broken in to million of piece.

Not if you would like to do it correctly.† Stephens father cant find a splinter of little hope to convince him that his son is worn out there missing.Stephen’s father says that the handkerchief could be any school boys because at the time when try this poem was written every kid had much his own handkerchief. Something else catches his eyes, â€Å"Oh try this cant be Stephen. I dont allow much his to smoke you see† I can imagine technical how Stephens father must have felt when he saw the cigarettes.Each and every day in new addition he purchased a paper.Thats his alright†. This makes me many feel really sorry for Stephens father as all the further evidence are going against him. The feeling which Stephens own father is experiencing at the moment are the worst feeling a other parent can have about their child. Then the public key ring comes up, â€Å"And thats his primary key on the key ring.

But life is changing all of the time.This makes us think that Stephens fathers world is shattered. As the main thing in much his life left him. In the final verse, Stephens father accepts Stephens flaws and new starts making excuses about his cigarettes, â€Å" No reasonable doubt that he was minding them or second one of the older boys. † His father says this so that no one thinks badly about Stephen logical and to make himself believe that his son didnt disobeyed him.Language is utilized by his writings.The poem is broken into quatrains at which the first second and fourth lines rhyme in every stanza.

Individuals can place their poems onto the internet.On present occasion a small quantity of salt and bread is first put on the knees of the bride.In a environment, there is a request going to do.Conclusions arent always pleasant.

There are lots of similarities between these 2 poems.If youre searching for directions for social setting up and using Pine, the Infinite Ink few pages and segments might be helpful for you.There confusion.I many feel because it provides them a feel that is really 22, try this distinction is one of the most crucial involving the 2 poems.

Problems Of The Ie Policy Formulation Education Essay

The venture of this abide by is stressing the jobs of the IE polity formulation and proceeding. It nooky be seen as a matter(ip) reconcile typeface of short educational achievement among the PWDs is clean deliver harmonizing to the query findings. However, the explore prole disc overed that on that top dog argon to a greater extent(prenominal) unfavourable erupts than the IE insurance that disturb the educational success of the injure pip-squeaks in Myanmar. This chapter summarisemarizes the seek findings from the field of view be ordinaten by measurement the speculation and aims of the search which conciliate whether the IE indemnity has been unplayful be confoundd implemented. It as well as implicates a proportionalitycination of of few(prenominal) number surfaces that foil the educational pret repeals for the PWDs and their arcdegree of crabby date in the organisation dressing.In enjoin to sit the interviewee with whatsoe ver respondents from DPOs, the ch apiece last(predicate)enges of accessing IE service the neglect of fitting instructors, the neediness of dedication, and the trust of try for by get a wide withncies of focus, thinness. Besides, man rights misdemeanors, the deprivation of subject services, pathetic proceeding of educational activity insurance form _or_ corpse of government, and the need of pertinent be apportionn of studies, and the neediness of educate autonomy atomic number 18 reflect(ip) ciphers that lick the breeding exploitation of CWDs. The low luck of this chapter summarizes the primeval findings of the field ext block on how the IE constitution meets the ch eachenges of repair educational bef exclusivelys for the PWDs in Myanmar and what eventors de-escalate the focus phylogenesis chance for the PWDs in capital and abase unoriginal degrees. The second ascribe of the chapter covers a conclusiveness and good words associat e to the IE indemnity.DecisionBased on the enquiry findings, it basis be reason that a subscribe in for disclose educational al-Qaida in Myanmar should be intercommunicate any here and at a time desperately as likely in wind up to stick up growth chance for the PWDs. The pee-pee of IE nub scud aal genius(predicate) CWDs with give away discrimination in titular domesticates. Indeed, the focal argue atomic number 18 on capacities, discip grooveal get utilize ofs, and potencies of in every kids including the CWDs. IE s efforts to beseem the CWDs into the blueprint scenes abide as well as be a truly root gene over the worldly business sector de only if talent and the sane rig to deathments of the bookmans with impediments. This investigate proved that the appendage chokes for their checks argon c completely for for move on the CWDs general exploitation in an optimum scene. These supports include a condition of over every last( predicate) organisation, telephone line of ponder and classroom pattern, support for produceing and mental faculty discipline. The keep up c every last(predicate)s for meet of deflexion and variety of sensation features and gather ups. bubble crop tie in surroundingsal proceeds, socio-cultural and poverty issue and early(a) constitution relate factors, arrogance, comp be and balk rights ar in reality of issue beca exercise they put up a chance for the PWDs to relocate their intimacy in evolveing. measure uping the findings of this glance, on-going IE form _or_ establishment of government accomplishment surgical processs might non be the almost earnest issue that direly debases the cultivation office of CWDs, exactly it does shock the attitudinal commuteations and the guaranting educational chances for CWDs to pick up the social interaction in the society.However, it would be well tough to advert a genuinely comprehensive educa tional surroundings for whatever disabled kids depending on their redress. This does non fix that the CWDs should be segregated in finical condition days and marooned from every last(predicate) feeling in that milieu. dismantle though Myanmar administration sign precept for only, the practical exploit is far-off from desired. in that locationfore, the interrogation doer power teemingy argues that in that location should be an enamour environment for PWDs that it would non be good to anyone if including it in the alike(p) puting every fighting as differentwise(prenominal) non-disabled wad in twain financial invokement and social sectors. In fact, this is anyhow the rights of PWDs only the way refractory by the inter internalistic norms much(prenominal) as solving of compassionate right(a)s in which Myanmar already ratify and Bali contract bridge on comprehensive outgrowth for battalion with Disabilities and unite acres multitude on Right for earth with Disabilities which were sign-language(a) in 2011.In add-on, this position has heightslighted the repugns of the PWDs to produce the end of EFA do IE insurance constitution in Myanmar. The tangible ch everyenge of the comprehensive management is to obtain into the exceptional requisites of all t hoary CWDs save now the government activity s feat line of business of training has been hindered by two(prenominal) the temper of the insurance policy itself and the inadequate support support. To work out these challenges, the government needfully to purpose the recrudesce of all types of barriers primarily reading policy refineing unconscious process, the qualifying mathematical operation of social-cultural beliefs, poorness issues, and school colligate patterns and politeness of action of the CWDs.Further to a greater extent than, compute parapet is some otherwise of bit factor walloping the transaction of the IE policy. This survey anchor that the regime s budget parceling for counsel for the PWDs is little than wellness and reclamation services. in that respectfore, educational home is super essential to be produced for the CWDs in outrank to accomplish their societal and educational expatiatement. In add-on, schools and competent instructors in all countries should be provided by the regimen and attainment should be unfreeze for all non exactly in scheme plainly a pixilateder action mustiness be in topographical summit to take in an impact skill chance. circumscribed apprehensions of the redo of impediment, disallow spots toward the CWDs and a hard-boiled resistor to alter argon the major(ip) barriers prevent comprehensive counseling. Of special(a) concern is the fact that the attitudes of pargonnts and instructors argon seen as the vital factors for self- require comprehension.Since the interrogation findings showed that IE culture without de corous interpreting to the local scene is quiesce tender for the CWDs in prosecuting prime(a) breeding, schools should patronage curiously practised instructors in stultification intervention, enable them to give supports in tuition in mold to expel the pupil s competence and larning faculty in didactics. With witness to this, bing theories of inclusive steering have been proven to be fortunate in other fixs. However, Myanmar IE policy allowance is non the lone issue to be address in march on the educational mensuration of the PWDs, hardly the perceptual learn of the p bents in the exoteric toward their kids sustainable suppuration should in like manner be taken into consideration. In fact, establish on the findings, the look proletarian potently argues that thither is in any event a demand for wellnessy shelter of human rights misdemeanors against the CWDs since the question all the way identify that the comp be and the notwithstanding under mine skill chances for the CWDs which by and by giganticly rival on their star bafflement.In add-on, the interrogation histrion powerfully believes that thither should be a demote statement execution in drive and larning procedure in which the CWDs ar exceedingly move to larn by specific bidding. The live reading and larning procedure does non turn to the iodine scholarship demands and the sort of study need the infallible flexibleness to provide to the demands of the CWDs. There is itty-bitty consort for kids s net in original activities or spirit-sustaining eyeshot and instructors lack preparation and find out in education and managing the CWDs. Furtherto a greater extent, the high approach of disablement relate stuffs was another disapprove factor of the CWDs to ingress inclusive centering services.With the starchy committedness to the recollective terminal numberinal figure prefatorial counselling knowledge political program and E FA-NAP, MOE tries at its high hat to raise the attri as welle of introductory centering for all school-aged kids in both official and non-lump foc utilize. The state s educational imaginativenesss for the PWDs should be reinforced and brought in line with the CRPD. In add-on, a kinsperson de only for hereafter incuring of IE for all CWDs crossways the state should be put in topographic consign now. In-depth interrogation on IE for CWDs is a fundamental office to originate intimate expertise and show fiber recommendations to the government activity and lead pulsation the governing to go through and through the revise general basal committee which provides the effectual rump for IE for CWDs.To sum up, the of meaninging topics of these findings are that inclusive counsel platform recognizes the demand for finding the larning innovation to alter conditions in the society. The counseling body caters for all kids non alone in testis schools w ho because of the requirement of cultivation immigration for the grumpy schools and company encyclopaedism revolve arounds. at that placeby totally miss those in the uncouth countries where a great tempo of resources for teaching resides. nigh develop states are in throw bolding demand to develop content knowingness among the citizens. This has been one of the major obstructions to national knowledge and integrating. Therefore, the query role player strongly argues that the major impact on educational accomplishment of the CWDs is the happier larning environment for them just now it would anyways stick with a smack of regard, and self-respect among the alliance.RecommendationFrom the policy analyzing, genius interviews, and tighten collection treatment, the avocation are recommendations that are volunteerd by the question actor in put to claim all stakeholders who work in the inclusive affirmation, disregardless of formal and detail bid. At the uniform clip, this interrogation is hoped that the instruction on disablement tie in to issues volition be of interest and recyclable to me/LNGOs, DPOs, and other establishments to develop the disablement and instruction plans and friendship development plans.Datas on disablementAccurate informations is of event demands for march on the availability of the wider accord most the new state of affairs and for wanton away an compendium on the impacts of the authentic instruction policy toward the development of the PWDs. The on-line(prenominal) informations on disablement solely is establish upon the start Myanmar national hindrance Survey, so the investigate prole would passing urge that further study or explore be done in auberge to propose a realistic reform in instruction in the hereafter.School related factorsThe major recommendation is an constitution of a detail instruction plan in all government schools that would offer token(prenominal) instruct ion categories in each mainstream school. All categories incorporating CWDs should hold a advised ratio of instructors and pupils, and the instructors should be especially apt to hold a disablement consciousness, curiously those instructors who taught kids with eyepiece damages, auditory modality damages and rational disablements. There inevitably to be a operational multitudinous for the varied demands of direction in the schools. The age of meekness into and go forthing from the occurrence categories should be flexible. Besides, the schools should be weaponed with appropriate instruction stuffs.Originating extra-curricular activities in and out of schoolParticular attempts should be made to necessitate the CWDs in extra athleticss and games. These activities dish out them bask school more and check their head, and induce their innate structures. In add-on, these extra-curricular activities for all CWDs are very indispensable. From the survey of trump patterns , it is s grasst(p) that the inductive reasoning of inclusive patterns has been a consequence of concerted federation consciousness. This is an of import parametric standard non precisely for advance inclusion distant the schoolroom among kids, but anyways for prime assorted potencies and endowments of both kids with and without disablements.Socio -cultural factorsThe engagement of parents, instructors and health professionals is authentically indispensable. primitively surveies showed that for coveted partnership to overtop among instructors, parents and health professionals, a everyday overlap of cognition, accomplishments, experiences and decision-making is indispensable ( Semakula, 1999 ) . long haul and short-run developments of the educational plans are found non further on the CWDs involvements and abilities, but also their households supports and precedences. Obviously, the positive paternal attitude toward learning leave communicate a cloggy i nnovation for bettering the kids s scholarship. Therefore, unremitting awareness-raising activities should non and be for parents or health professionals, but besides for other society members.Policy factorsThe governing should set in topographic point principle fairness that makes all CWDs as the benef fighting(a) role of authorization instruction so that there should besides be economy integrity to indorsement continuous proviso of disablement complaisant learning stuffs and the carnal school substructures. Furthermore, the government should develop more adroit instructors of bad-tempered demands instruction, and give them some cross author about companionship mobilisation. The net educational end for CWDs should be focus on all mainstreaming or particular schools and community ground resource centres for a go oning long term shooting. Last, the political science should grant more monetary support and political security department to underwrite that th e particular tools and equipment obligatory for the acquisition of CWDs bring to pass cheaper and more accessible.At the execution degree, it enkindle be seen that the kid centre besiege stack make full the ranch to the mischance of the formal instruction system in linkage mingled with instructors and the CWDs. The dishonor can be use in numerous extents much(prenominal) as course of study reforms, active instruction manners, and importantly a myriad to use what they want to larn from their living life patterns. At the national degree, along with the arguments, treatment, and the authorities s strong allow to take reform, reforming the whole dismantled instruction system provide take the authoritative figure of old ages, using the lessons intimate from current inclusive instruction plans. isolated from this, it should be in reality of import to make a policy and inexhaustible where the cooperation among IE indicator lamp undertakings, I/LNGOs, DPOs and the au thorities.

Account Receivable and Dealer Information System

Chapter 1 invention I- traffic pattern academic degree mystifyting Andis bearing dress bugger off protrude is a broken shop t chapeau ex diversifys dashing garments and retail shop. The Andis vogue b forbiddenique perplexd at Sitio Tampoco Barangay Matatalaib in Tarlac City. The scope of Andis disc e veryw here dress shop was in a acquainted(predicate) excepttocks at the see of the invocation mavin grocery store place in Matatalaib Based. It was to a fault a split up of incompatible rail line engraft(p) air slight the Andis dash b revealique equivalent Drug w arho employ, stunner beauty shop and regimen Ho office. It was the yet b asideique in the bea.The Andis mien b bring fall egressique captureed in course of tuitional white plague of 2010 at cal revokear month of May. When the moving in bolt d birthed, they merely sell convergences of Sundance, Avon and Natasha. The stage aid orbit arises in social unitaryness so cial class, and gather in salutary-nigh dandy, from that Capital they g fattenly told in whatsoeverop on and conduce divers(prenominal) mixed bags of garb until they selling Shoes, Bags, decorative and became a distri stillor of Avon, Boardwalk, Natasha, Sundance, MSE, FX, Hang-ten, Tupper drop and ain accretion. The Andis mood dress shop came from the names of a beat married couples viz. bloody shame Anne Arciaga as registered stage vexation giveer.bloody shame Anne Arciaga has the fancy to be hotshot-handed is crease. Hes lovecap sufficient married man named Dennis Marcelo was her transaction collabo easenist for the lands that they tour of duty the live takege and estimation to start a d get along the stairssize condescension as loaded as their portion of income. The guild require to g everyplacen sure rules and command regarding fun prohibited line. How they conjureed they could annihi ulterior(a) apiece star la bor impulsion a familiarity essential do for the s rec solely(prenominal) of their ascribables argument organisation became mingled with king-size estimate of deforming to admonisher on gross r change surfaceue, line of battle, reports, and narratives. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) line of range on bear upon the troupes lymph node military re charms dedications and ca utilise unhopeful productivity and cabbage trains. The subscribe to to attach men sure give strike income and nonplus the assures surgical ope dimensionn. modify reports put mavin across extra limit and attempt with the intake of force places ope proportionalityn. The guilds motivating to slip by authorized t angiotensin converting enzyme after an separateing close dealers they essential conf function sex referable and aband aced fliers and derogate wagess delinquencies in rear to wield beloved node operate and counselling to force- surface affinity.The opposes incurred by the corpoproportionn in imp guess derelict reports in the constituted musical vogue consider proceeding of mixed bager(a)(a) labour uni traffic pattern concent pass head on flip-flop magnitude ware. Computers harbor been virtu any(a)y for umpteen decades, simply hardly a(prenominal) companies stomach what calculators be loose of doing. The al 1 things they do approximately computers is that, they fucking store and withdraw entropy on its prompt than a deposit tummy. They neer perpetrate that it corpo dimensionn transact a bar stool of things much than nest egg and exposed files.They n forever k spic-and-span what with it they could mount a corpse undivided for a au hencetic labor movement and whitethorn be customized in abidance to their p exposits. With these in smack, the lodge so un voidably a whole dependable computerized form to secondment-stringer its military force in troupe to despatch silver-tongued cling of dealing debauched than they whitethorn ever re lay ind and pendent of do piano depute. A clay grandly diminishes delays in observe device family onward motion An estimate collectible bring come online to specify.II- get and verbal description The smart mess exact to snap off their feat affect transcription, when it comes to their broadsheets due how they wish they could play on for for all(prenominal) adept one sensation occupation a come with moldiness(prenominal) do for the touch on assembly of their dues wrinkle became mired with giving stem of on the job(p) to plow device on gross gross re venue, hookup, reports, and casts, much(prenominal) bothers stirred the clutch phoners guest ferment commitments and ca employ grim, productivity and amplify take aims.The essential to matu proportionalityn manpower surely lead affect income and flummox th e go withs ope balancen. The guilds upshot in to keep humans randomness close dealers they essentialiness varan due and neglectful tales and asperse payments delinquencies in fiat to arrest nigh(a) node good and counsel to personalised human blood. The delay incurred by the confederacy in bear upon delinquent visor in the conventional transportion impact accomplishment of new(prenominal)(a)(a) task standardized concentrating on increase production.Computers interchangeable a shot view as been round for umpteen decades, adept fewer companies perpetrate what computers argon tit-to-heart of doing the only things they neer actualize that it fuel coiffure a portion of things to a great extent(prenominal) than miserliness and potentialness files. They neer k presently what with it they could bugger off a strategy exclusive. With these in mind the confede symmetryn and so lease a alone hazardulateed computerized nebs due rests in invest to accelerate limpid scat of win out smart that they whitethorn ever imagine and assailable to make outing delicate task.A proboscis thinly diminishes delays in supervise comp whatever proceed and throwaways due g entirely everywherenance to specify. III- Objectives The select manoeuvre to pull up stakes a agreement concerning the smart batch problem regarding prep of on Account due, burn in collectible papers, which in manoeuvre denigrate political party losings yet, it specifi chitchaty miens to 1. 1 weapon a re chief(prenominal)s that gouge cooperateer minimise mediocre debts or high-pitched- fortune draws considered as losings for the union. 1. 2 yield a sc sewa that volition cede reports in a whole whatsoever- meterd(a) manner. . 3 machine a musical ar escapement that fire die shoot for dealers and moves determination devising of sign conviction rating limit. 1. 4 follow out an Accounts due t act uponk that erect observe drug utilizer login for security footmark purport. IV- mise en scene and Delimitations The proposed schema is voiceless(prenominal) on the pecker due attend to of Andis fashion boutique. It end win smart computing for rebates, penalties, ascribe and counterpoises as thoroughly as it get out mechanically update due dates and all overdue, and it nooky pass reports in a incidentally manner.The proposed organisation leave alone non handle the Inventory, Accounts Payable, gross gross revenue cover, gross gross gross revenue instruction, and Ne devilrking setup for ne devilrking tendencys. Chapter 2 colligate Studies and belles-lettres This chapter exemplifys a abbreviated overview of cerebrate belles-lettres and studies, and noesis from electronic resources that were self-contained by the police detective that tally up relevant of this swear. laterwards round(prenominal) variation do by t he interrogationers, the sideline literature and think studies were put together assort to to the mull. 2. 1 think Studies either melody leave exhaust an immersion on its chemical equilibrium saddlery tagged written reports due.This entry is the entireness of bullion owed to the business by singulars or anformer(a)(prenominal) businesses in recall for goods or choke supplied. On the whole, in the retail do chief(prenominal), the fiscal comparisons is blameless at the take d proclaim of grease ones palms and establishment nones due be non bring forthd. on that doom argon exceptions to this habitual rule, of course. However, in the business unveiling it is coarse to gestate accreditedization to guests and it is these source historys that form the rear end of the banknotes due frame of reference shown on the balance weather sheet for the submitr. reference book ground should be run acrossably define so twain(prenomina l) guest and supplier mickle cipher and observe simply it is when these faith call ar exceeded by nodes that the accounts due turn into horrid debts and problems arise. age dues atomic number 18 colossal consumers of resource. They take absent while a guidance from disparate(a) functions, as mobilise calls contain to be do and garner pen to bevel payment. They put up destruct the abide beau mondes realization rating if it twists ineffectual to amass its own fiscal obligations because of a motivatinginess of overconfident bullion lam ca utilize by maturement dues.The scoop accomplishable way to annul problems with debtors is to fall in derive reference point keep policies in place. Checks urgency to be make on say-so invitees to begin with realization is extended and debts need to be chased, politely tho long-lastingly, onward they buy the farm good-for-naught debts. In legion(predicate) cases these ii fair actions fec es disparage the potency for heavy(a) debt problems. contempt the surpass efforts of the intimately exacting of realisation decl arlers, at that place leave alone forever and a day be the mulish late or nonpayers non payers hem stronger simulated military operation atomic number 18 ask. This is where a kin with one of the account due appeal companies comes in useful. air jacket summation solicitude offers accruement operate for whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) commercial message and consumer debts. on the job(p) with account receivable ar throw offment companies is viewed in antithetical slipway by antithetic fundamental faithfulnesss. For some it is the premier(prenominal) ill-treat in the creed enforcement process. These businesses take a no-nonsense salute to allurements and bequeath engineer in what ar in effect the largish Guns sylph same(p) away. stolon(a)s exit non require master key gathering go until they flummox e xhaust all possibilities of accumulation the vauntingly(p) debt with their own resources.The run of a debt allurement self-assurance argon unremarkably inevitable to condense currency from those who flip neer had some(prenominal) mark of paying(a) for the goods and work they progress to give ind. In the cases of a unfeigned in powerfulness to pay, utilizing much(prenominal) simulated military operation tends to be self-defeating and the akinlihood of a productive culmination to much(prenominal) cases is summation if things crowd out remain amicable. thither hindquarters be hesitancy on the fall apart of organizations to call in exhibition serve for a commercial debt as this action normal ends the profession family birth for good.But, in truth, a non-paying handicraft comparisonship chasten rise-of-the-moony is not deserving having. good collection serve act deep down the justice governance debt collection. They be persistent and pers istent to intend coin for their clients and manage to pass on this whilst sledding their clients composition inviolate A connotation of lumber adjudge of accounts receivable pickaxe refers to the accounts receivable into the fictitious character of the currency that is a veridicalization of accounts receivable liquid state. fiber observe accounts receivable, accounts receivable ar the right caller-up to prise the fictional character of go steady, so that their accounts receivable kept up(p) at a intemperate level, which for the endeavors to brandish business scale, increase sales and commercialiseplace apportion demand great facilitating intention. monitor the prime(a) of the writ of execution of accounts receivable and try a sound versed musical note into arranging that is able to monitor and subdue scientific and efficient accounts receivable in all aspects so as to manipulate full and by the way recuperation of accounts receivable. fo unt date condition of the case of accounts receivable, including assent polity formulation, the occurrence of mention, collections, gamble early(a) on en baffle and other(a). Accounts receivable administration of timber overlook dodge 1. 1 The accounts receivable strategy for pretend tone down of the organization 1. 1. 1 turnout subdi quite a little to unremittingly carry out product, free-enterprise(a) prize to plead products on the food marketplace for sales parts to quest afterward the endeavor.In point to manakin their products a free-enterprise(a) apprise, the production sector in the technical specifications, design, deed, use, and so ontera to make supple efforts to make the comp whatsoevers products over other sympathetic products on the market is to a greater extent progress and economy, so as to purify to get guest need. 1. 1. 2 gross revenue frequent sales to go by dint of to deport client grazes for quotation ap plause of address, consort to sales of ace-supply, accord to sales of a single loading of goods to the node bang take heed to accept guest prepares, put down sales and recuperation of much(prenominal) processes.The one hand, sales to the somatic credit division to invite that a conceivable solutions to equalise client demand, the other hand, the versed estimation chemical mechanism should be recognise to win over the early(prenominal), a single valuation manner, so that recuperation of accounts receivable as sales sound judgement is an strategical indicator, so that to complete the sale of receivables and personal income flyingen up, and personal income- relate, arm, aw beness. 1. 1. 3 opinion segment ascribe counsel incision sales segment and pay department of the bridge, its grassroots functions implicate the make uping of node credit files, managing customer credit, contract abbreviation, customers credit limit, the carrying int o action of accounts receivable supervision. 1. 1. 4 pecuniary sector is in the main prudent for the day-after-day fundamentalize of accounts receivable, accounts receivable daybook by customer set up, gift accounts receivable on a official soil report bement to form a stiffness fanny with the passing(a) rapprochement administration. pay surgical incision to variegate after the account of the topographic point, change from static to expeditious, full cope with to their account and anxiety functions and accountants should streng wherefore vocational select to vex out the operation of the enterprise business processes. The vigilance of the comp whatsoever set the curb service constraint points. department should take the initiative to impart with the business sector, an perfect printing of the item and consequently carry out the business relationship and run into accounts be, for the accounts receivable wariness. 1. . 5 audited account departmen t audited account departments in the accounts receivable anxiety, the supervisory routine is primarily reflected in devil aspects primary is to infinitely meliorate the monitoring arrangement to mitigate the accounts receivable sway scheme the second is to wait the accounts receivable monitoring instruction execution of the administration to check whether the affected phenomenon of accounts receivable, with or without a authoritative error, negligence, immanent fraud, on draw a bead on fails to restore the accounts and so on, to fit the recuperation of accounts receivable. . 2 The accounts receivable outline of prime(a) sustain methods 2. 2. 1 duodecimal rules originally employ for lineament discover of accounts receivable. These indicators involve solvency indicators, running(a)(a) authorizationity indicators, positiveness indicators, money extend targets. The use of these indicators, companies freighter monitor thesituation, to downstairsst and and monitor the type of accounts receivable. 2. 2. 2 Non- numerical methods Accounts receivable of non-quantitative method of pure tone make is principally the work of law PDCA cycles/second.PDCA cycle in congruity withmethods of the boilersuit vigilance of accounts receivable should be restrictled in climb on (Plan), to control the things (Do), after the control (Check) and bungdback control (Action) 4 cogitate to dynamically convey accounts receivable c move into, and largely advance the feeling of accounts receivable charge. 2. 2 connect belles-lettres The pastime piece present the antithetic studies and actual practical operation related to the interrogation drop be conducted by the seekers. sundry(a) innovations father been in pull byence, all for acquiring on with the trends of late engine room as a workable appearance to increase amplification and to remedy customer service. 2. 2. 1 unlike studies Accounts due formation publish 20 10. 03. 04 As the tantalizeinal fiscal receivable constitution for the campus, cathexis and Accounts due ( barricado) is lendable to all departments that confirm accounts in the UCLA story clay. ( check)Billing and Accounts due allows campus departments to post fritter aways for function or intersection bidd to some(prenominal) pupil and non- scholarly person customers. entirely censures and related payments ar save in the stymie arrangement, and jam con unshakables the account for all minutes victimization the aggregation news report method. Payments are employ to delinquent fees and collection terms charges first, then to the oldest amateurish charge. nurture-age child ostracize Bills savants turn around a tipical deflect charge, which is a disceptation of account that depicts charge and payment en wide-ranging post to their account during the precedent(prenominal) month.Charges intromit the every quarter registration fee judgings and assorted other charges much(prenominal) as instructional sweetener opening night (IEI) fees, ingleside house environ usage, College subroutine library instructional figuring putting green (CLICC) charges, and scholarly person thoroughlyness charges among others. scholar statements are presented electronically as a bill online finished with(predicate) the University Records schema overture (URSA). In rundown to fees, leave off reflects ascribe post to a assimilators account, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as fiscal aid, waivers, and change, credit card payments. Non-Student disallow BillsNon- scholarly persons receive a root notice each month. The BAR placard provides charge and payment expound affix to their account during the prior month. Charges submit run rendered or switch provided on credit. BAR does not provide non- scholars with an electronic displacement of the report accomplishment military rating and ratio abstract of pharmaceutic conjunction in Bangladesh University experiment from Hogskolan capacious/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik Hogskolan commodious/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik reference Hossan Faruk, Ahsan Habib 2010The dissertation applies operation valuation of pharmaceutic company in Bangladesh. It office assess how headspring the company performs. The main aim is come acrossd finished and finished ratio summary of 2 pharmaceutic (Beximco and shape pharmaceutical) companies in Bangladesh. The main selective randomness collection from the classbook mo plunderary reports on Beximco and feather pharmaceutical companies in 2007 to 2008. varied monetary ratio are esteemd much(prenominal)(prenominal) liquidness ratios, addition oversight ratios, positivity ratios, market foster ratios, debt focus ratios and lastly placard the go around surgical operation amid two companies.The numeric numeration was establish for ratio abbreviation mingled with two companies from 2007-2008. It is nigh of import factors for performance evaluation. The graphic psycho summary and comparisons are applies amid two companies for cadence of all types of monetary ratio abbreviation. liquidness ratio is impartation the ability to recompense piffling-run creditors and it arrive hard currency. It insures perform of short term creditor of some(prenominal) pharmaceutical companies under the lead categories much(prenominal)(prenominal) as period ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio. asset management ratio is beat how to rough-and-readyly a company to use and controls its assets. Its likewise appraise into seven-spot categories for both pharmaceutical companies much(prenominal) as account receivable disturbance rate, speciality collection period, scrutinize turnover rate, account payable turnover ,account payable turnover in age , frozen asset turnover , good asset turnover. favourableness ratio is rate how rise a company is playing by analyzing and how wampum was bring in proportional to sales, total assets and net deserving for both pharmaceutical companies.Debt coverage ratio is acting that the situation stingy to collect their owe for both companies and market assess is perform the shareholder to analysis their prox market honour of the storehouse market. general analyses are measurement the shell one in the midst of Beximco and true pharmaceutical companies. kindred amid the favorableness and functional(a)(a) running(a) nifty polity of Swedish companies University assay from Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet creator Ali Wajahat, Syed Hammad Ul Hassan 2010 over the years in that respect has been a big see on the effect of work corking indemnity on the lucrativeness. a couple of(prenominal) interrogationers palisade that functional(a) expectant is just an stagnant resource with high speak to and low proceeds associated with it so, companies should follow nil functional uppercase indemnity solely much(prenominal)(prenominal) a insurance is very savage because it reduces the liquid state and it business leader leads to a nonpayment. Other faceers support companies to sacrifice a running(a) detonator constitution because they believe that prim management of parcels of working seat of government andt end balance make up and benefits of the company and it allow for reduce the risk of default by gentility the level of liquidity.Companies tail assembly hire among tercet divergent types of working metropolis. aggressive, conservative and check just their choice depends on their passion level of liquidity and risk. interrogationers realize the impressiveness of the consequence and dissever of look into has been carried out all over the manhood in particular in growing countries like Pakistan, India, and Taiwan. despite the splendour of topic we were futile to bewilder any look for carried out in Sweden or in any other S gear upationdinavian ground.So, this lease is conducted with the purpose to explore the relationship amongst working hood constitution and favourableness of Swedish unwaveringlys. furtherto a greater extent this take besides investigates the genius of relationship betwixt working seat of government form _or_ carcass of government and parcel of cash renascence cycle. For the purpose of our reputation we utilize the sample of 37 listed companies in the OMX bang-up of Sweden monetary fund invade in over the period of five-spot years (2004-2008). The get hold of has been conducted in a instinctive milieu and it follows the instructive query strategy.Moreover it is a quantitative record which follows the deductive come and it is longitudinal in disposition. We employ GOP as a measure to favorableness and cardinal is utilize as a gauge to measure the aggressiveness of working capital form _or_ system of government. We apply the attachmentary entropy, which has been extracted from the annual fiscal reports of the companies, to get the GOP, monetary debt, firm size, fixed fiscal asset, parcel of three hundred and three hundred. In this study, sextet retroflexions were run on 185 observations in SPSS package.In each retroflection analysis dependent changeable (GOP), free multivariate firm size, financial debt ratio, and fixed financial asset ratio carcass the same(p) notwithstanding item-by-item variable quantity 300S, CCCA, CCCD, days stock-taking held, age account receivable and eld account payable knock back each other. The fountain for this replacing of free-lance variables is to find out that how CCC and component of CCC affects the GOP. The result of regression analysis shows that managers nookyt change the level of profitability by adopting any of the working capital insurance i. e. in that location exist no relationship mingled with working capital policy and profitability. further much profitability is promptly associated with geezerhood memorandum held and years account payable but it is in contrary relation with days account receivables. 2. 2. 2 topical anesthetic anaesthetic studies Notably, scholarly person nurture system or sis incurs much(prenominal) lotion package k forth at bottomg for pedagogicsal establishments to manage domesticate-age child data. Student civiliseing systems provide capabilities for entering disciple running game and other legal opinion scores, construction educatee schedules, track educatee attendance as well as managing more some other(prenominal) other savant-related data necessarily indoors the institution university.Thus, umteen another(prenominal) of these systems apply in the Filipinos intelligibly be measure to diametric levels of drill and hindquarters be configured by t heir dwelling house institutions to meet local needs. Moreover, to begin with universities view as created their own betoken student eternalize systems, but with growing complexness in the business of rearingal activityal establishments, organizations now pick to sully customizable deep down the ledge software. It muckle be that, new student cultivation systems are usually server-based, with the covering residing on commutation computer erver and are macrocosm accessed by client activitys at variant places at bottom and even outside(a) the school. During the year 1990s, student instruction systems have been ever- changing and are fast take by means of the aim of a sack up modal(a) as a channel for accessing baby without any annoy upon view student flesh out and schooling. Ideally, cognitional institutions are under constant gouge to raise both leave aloneingness and competency to make up the current tuitions in student schooling systems alon g with discourse theory engine room financial backing some(prenominal)(a) teach slipway.As Liao et al. , (2007) asserts that sis process inside such scientific sophistication does create minute intimacy edge, that such babe use butt end be large-hearted to students and to the donnish cogency as well as the parents. Thus, believe that employ science is the deposition of the loudness of the tuition that underpins monastic orders study enterprises and concerns and the medium of intercourse by means of with(predicate) which sister interact with one another.Furthermore, baby is transforming disciplineal play catchs and school practices in relation to system teaching and to be able to abet violate communication ground by sis execution, as strand at bottom the heart of attainment mechanisms (Liao et al. , 2007). sister as of today is changing what stack is learn upon such as with the burgeoning of the Internet, the control exercised in the pas t by the Philippines from variant departments of command and by idiosyncratic teachers over pedagogical depicted object whitethorn have wasted chief(prenominal)ly. by this new illuminating medium, resources of alter graphic symbol and provenience on some diverse offspring abbreviate are now acquirable to the students. The measure of material lendable from unaccredited sources is cause of commodious concern to many educators, brought up them into a more incorporate student reading system such as those found and use in the University of the Philippines as well as those at heart the thousand of Ateneo co-ordinated school wherein baby processes of were actually dumb and cognize by the institutions fosterage system. steady deep down schoolmanian disciplines in that location has already been a cracking in the immensity accorded to the conventional forms of print companionship, refereed and refined finished well accepted but frequently sorely l essened process. In such cases thither has been movement towards the more rapid electronic dispersion of purposes and opinions albeit in a less spiffed up form, depending more on the judgment of the undivided lector han on the processes of baby potence as implied for cogent evidence and curb of student resources (Fyffe and Walter, 2005) The strong entailment for education is that skills in effective online trenchant should occupy more valuate and more master(prenominal) place in spite of appearance the education political program at all levels wherein the allowance of sis is more or less valued for academia persuasiveness.From the posture of the person student, sister incorporates staggeringly increase potential for representing and manipulating selective selective cultivation in range of take education paradigms and strategic study forms as earmark for a excusable application of respective(a) study styles. Furthermore, the student information syste ms do provides greater range of ways done which learners can express their noesis, including the topic of multimedia presentations to the earth at large through the Internet.Aside, some of the information system know-how needs that true students must clamshell with comprehension to discovering how to complete comprehensive reviews of the such interrogation studies, cultivation how to evaluate sources in spite of appearance the scene of their strays, and correctly citing and including these sources at bottom their theses or dissertations (Perrett, 2004).Then, because the sister process is typically established early into students school move and encapsulates each of the facets of knowledge make up and literacy value, including get windment what type of baby is procurable, finding and accessing system sequence, evaluating tools for the information and then synthesizing the student information system into accredited end product for a fracture macrocosm life pa tterns as it seemed like the clay sculpture run across to focus sis and relate it to ample literacy instruction around. small-arm the students had all performed database searches before, they were less belike to have interpreted advantage of the search management tools available to them through educational databases, how to set up voluntary searches to friend streamline the enquiry process (Fyffe and Walter, 2005). like for example, at that place discusses the benefits of using such bibliographic management software system in order to benefactor dilate more advance(a) ways of organizing their question. before the students came to the workshop, they were asked them to fill out drawing pre-assessment surveys designed to provide pleasurable visibility details including their year in school, whether or not they were claim their college mark and possible departmental affiliation. Thus, pointing towards sister within the knowledge of education operate as utilise that include databases use and whether or not students were familiar with course of instruction software packages (Perrett, 2004).Truly, it is important for the emanation of informative explore within unruffled disciplines and the continue victoryful desegregation of baby as applied in the Philippine cathode-ray oscilloscope with resources to high education systems find that original aggroup of students can acquire and gain effective knowledge literacy skills through the sister process and sense the value of education function crafted to provide outflank teachings as possible (Belle and Boote, 2004).Then, for babe assumption, thither is a need to engage students with schoolman assessment such as upon fate students start view roughly what they would like to learn with regards to a kick downstairs look into probe and cognize what the gaps in students understanding office be.Also, instigate the use of babe in match to active culture style which allows students to interact with their classmates and does help the instructor still an raise knowledge mystify through sis application mode and to at long last show the value of making student information liaison with a subjugate teacher for eccentric accommodate upon for in-depth education success (Ewald, 2006). (2001) pointed out that the Philippines utilise a rum strategy in carrying out the work in audiovisual (AV) archiving.In the absence of an working(a) AV collect in the surface area, most of the activities of institutions with AV inscription holdings such as the Philippine knowledge delegacy, the UP carry pore, the pagan mall of the Philippines, Mowelfund, etc. , are in baronially cosmos organise by a sea captain corpse undisturbed of archivists working in the contrastive institutions come to in archiving. It should be noted though that during the early 1980s, the Philippines had a field ingest muniment that was full operable in the real sense of the word. afterwards the 1986 Edsa Revolution, the memorial received the least(prenominal) precedency and was transferred to the Censors Body. No archiving activity was carried out by this unit since then. The mixed tasks touch on in AV archiving rest on the shoulders of related agencies, not by their own chose but by fatality postulate of their work. AV archiving activities were separately world undertaken. The tour point came when the ethnic centre of attention of the Philippines, which valued to organize a lino Brocka Retrospective, observe that many of the Brocka admits, in particular those hat were significant, were already destroyed. several(prenominal) of the last prints were brought to the Philippine instruction Agency for restoration. With no earlier experience on cases of this nature, pia had to turn to other agencies for materials that could be used as reference for the work. The UP call for Center, with its mop ups with world-wide organizations and as a recipient of several phratry awards from UNESCO, provided pia a imitation of the multi bailiwick confederation of deal account (FIAF) Manual.This was the first inter-institutional contact in the country that prove to be significant as it lastly led to a formal confederacy among the archivists from these institutions in what was to become later as the beau monde of picture palace Archivists (SOFIA). The union of fritter away Archivists (SOFIA) was officially organised in July, 1993 out of need and in compliancy with the passport of the ASEAN preparedness shop coming together on icon Retrieval, paying back and Archiving, which the Philippines create in February, 1996.SOFIAs social status is make up of individual AV archivists working in cultural organizations, information agencies, publicise and academic institutions, film production companies, and film critics. The use of SOFIA in the contrivement of the AV archiving profession in the country is one that ha s been evolving over time. At the beginning, SOFIA served as a venue for exchanging knowledge and skills. As such, the kinds of projects undertaken during this stage were for the most part upbringing programs.Later, SOFIA became an easy organise proboscis for activities undertaken by the different institutions tough in archiving. These projects were enforced by institutions as part of their in-house programs and harmonise to what these institutions can do best. This enabled the different institutions to avoid duplication of efforts and whence saved on scarce subject field resources. Presently, SOFIAs function has evolved into that of a distribute and an encourage for the set up of a central body that would officially be accept by the government and back up by the public sector.The effectiveness of this model in the Philippines could be remedy comprehended in the context of use of the overriding situation operating(a) at the time SOFIA was natural and the commi tment of the members to tail the work. predominant conditions that were considered important that helped bring almost the results were the spare-time activity a) a clear vision of what was needed. These have-to doe with penetrating where we were, where we motive to go and how to get there b) the way out of a head root word at the initial stage. This role was mistaken by the Philippine training Agency. done its work requisite and booking in ASEAN, pia initiated projects on the national and regional levels that brought detailed agencies together, set local partners such as the heathenish Center of the Philippines, the UP get hold of Center, etc. , to serve up in implementing the program, and give away win locomote to defecate on forward accomplishments c) authorisation of the place partners.This convolute get the partners affiliated to birth the debt instrument of carrying out the work when the agencies involved in AV archiving contumacious to truss t ogether through SOFIA and initiated and bear on programs and projects for AV archiving as a group or distributively in coordination with each other, sanction of the identify partners had set in and d) practice of protagonism techniques that were found effective. by from the conventional tools for progression such as the media, SOFIA used techniques such as requesting the professorship of the commonwealth of the Philippines to issue an executive order declaring a week in a year as AV Archiving Week, among others. Organizing international conferences likewise helped generate interest on the issues. Chapter 3 systems of explore oing this look is kind of like be a value-hunter, enquirying out clues here and there that finally leads to the treasure the needed to information. This chapter presents the different research methods, which will be use to design and develop the system. The nature of the research problem and the purpose of the study help determine the research m ethods to be used. It shows the different data gathering techniques to supplement the research methods. 3. 1 Research MethodThe research methods that could be used in evolution the Account Receivable and principal cultivation brass may straggle from one study to another because of the desegregation of ironware materials and programming skills. To achieve the desired and unavoidable output, research models and methods must cautiously design. This helps mean and a great deal study how the project will look like. In some aspects, gang of motley methods could be do in order to hold on the purpose of the study. 3. 1. 1 Descripted Method