Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Example for Free

Allen, Douglas and Truth EssayConclusion A great deal of literature has been devoted to the subject of caustic Christian Leadership during 1820 to 1860. How an enslaved people challenged yet nonetheless participated in the established spectral system by founding, ad hoc and or organized significant religious roots with a affable underlying movement. The essence of the multitude of visions was rooted simultaneously in a political, social and religious storm.However, thus knowing that a race has a strong or weak indistinguishability image based on current media of the day will not inform the listener around the nature of their true intent or index however, since the records of the day is the only evidence we have, it gives considerable brainwave into the societal value system, political posture, and cultural stance. While Black leaders and churches were portrayed to have a greater capacity for audible and visible response to a speaker than any other group of religious list ener at the time, the images were quick to focus on the probable survival of the comfort and comfortableness syndrome prevalent in blackamoor plantation churches. In these churches, the listeners, moved by sin and guilt hardly much more by the need to release tensions brought on by the daily miseries of slavery, came forth with blunt responses to particularly consoling passages in the preachers sermons.Allen, Douglas and Truths methods were clearly beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for thence as well as well as any period. Promoting racial success was the most primeval element in the struggle for racial uplift through the universal message of the religious institutions. reason and able to recognize the changing conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality be the touch on purpose. As active leaders in the religious and social revolution of the late 1800s, they knew that access to religious and social opportunities would lead to greater pos sibilities, i.e. education and commerce.Many of their contemporaries of the day given relatively hardly a(prenominal) choices signed on to the teachings and messages presented by Allen, Douglass and Truth. This was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of lucky Post slavery organizations and movements that flourished following the civil war. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure religious and economic growth accelerated true racial uplift and the reward of economical inequality.Before the war, black spokespersons had unfailingly demanded that white America simply give them a calamity to demonstrate the truths underlying their analyses of a prejudiced American society. Through the Civil War and Reconstruction, whites grudgingly conceded that chance. Everything was at stake in vindicating antebellum black religious and social thought. The role Black Religious leaders as spokespersons and positions as blac k leaders have assumed the destiny of the race and of America. antebellum black northerners had been correct to employ the universalism of the American Revolution.This was an effort call the nation back to its first principles. In finality, the pay off to stress self-help, moral uplift, and elevation as the keys to rising in a liberal economic narrate and thus compelling the majority of American to yield rights to African Americans was the remaining position to assume. In a tacit understanding, Black religious leaders were clearly justified in their growing sense that the conversation with white America mattered when seeking the power of national acceptance and the eventually the ability to establish their profess interests.Never before had visionaries of slave ancestry faced the hope and challenge of so practical a test of their ideas. Bibliography Satterwhite, John H. The Black Methodist church buildinges, unpublished background paper prepared for The Black church in the Afric an American Experience research project, p. 29.Campbell, James T. Songs of Zion The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa. publishing company Oxford University Press. dapple of take New York. Publication Year 1995. knave Number 3. Rupe Simms Controlling Images and the Gender Construction of Enslaved African Women Gender and Society, Vol.15, No. 6 (Dec. , 2001), pp. 879-897 Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article denomination Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title Annual Review of Psychology. Volume 48. Page Number 139+.Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Conyers, James L. Black Lives Essays in African American Biography. Publisher M. E. Sharpe. put up of Publication Armonk, NY. Publication Year 1999. Page Number 44. Bay, Mia. The White Image in the Black Mind Afro-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925. New York Oxford University Press, 2000. http//www. questi a.com/PM. qst? a=od=90463626. Burrowes, Carl Patrick.Black Christian Republicanism A Southern political orientation in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847. The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001) 30+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000633712. Douglass, Frederick Life and Times of Frederick Douglass His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History. Publisher collier Books. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 1962. Page Number 202. Martin Jr. , Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. Publisher University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication Chapel Hill, NC.Publication Year 1984. Page Number 18. Mcfeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. Publisher W. W. Norton. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 1991. Page Number 217. Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass Freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Publisher Michigan State University Press. Place of Publication East Lansing, MI. Publication Year 1998. Page Number 1. http//www. pbs. org /wgbh/aia/part3/3narr3. html PBS, Allen, The Black Church Graham, tool W. Byron, Sully and the Power of Portraiture. Wordsworth Circle 36, no. 4 (2005) 149+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5014835905. http//www. pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4narr2. html PBS Africans in America Kirby, John B. Sojourner Truth A Life, A Symbol. The Historian 61, no. 2 (1999) 429. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001250782. Mandziuk, Roseann M. Commemorating Sojourner Truth Negotiating the Politics of Race and Gender in the Spaces of Public Memory. Western Journal of colloquy 67, no. 3 (2003) 271+. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002554424. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101423509.

Discussion of the history of cosmetics Essay Example for Free

Discussion of the autobiography of cosmetics EssayThe dawn of modern cosmetics began divided into the following categories Grolier (2005 188-191). a. Powders face powder usually contains talk, chalk, kaolin, and mixtures of zinc oxide, atomic number 22 oxide and assorted powdered pigments. Properly prepared, this mixture spreads easily, adheres to the skin, and absorbs some moisture. b. Emulsions these are fine particles of oil dispersed in water. Vanishing creams and cold creams are examples of emulsions. Thinner emulsions, which contain more water relative to the oil content, are apply as cleansing lotions and hand creams. c.Lipsticks this is made up of oils, such as castor oil, mixed with waxes and pigments or dyes, and hardened into molds. Since the materials used in manufacturing lipsticks are actually taken into the body, the choice of ingredients is limited to those which are cognize or assumed to be non-toxic. d. Eye Makeup these are eyebrow pencils, eye shadow , and mascara are, like lipstick, compounds of oil, wax and pigments. They, too, must be made of non-toxic or non-injurious materials. Cosmetics have come a long way in modern history and played a signifi toilett role in adorning both men and women for various occasions.It has been so widely-used that its functions have traversed into extremes for beautification purposes it can either conceal or flaunt an asset of a person. It can serve as mask or a highlighter. This just means that it has the dexterity to change the look of the person according to the manner it was used. At the end of the day, personal psyche dictates that every person intends or strives to become pleasant to the eyes of the millions of people around him or her. What is bonnie has also changed over the years. The exposition of what is scenic goes across regions, beliefs, religion and societal scholarships.Burke (200375-77) According to the twentieth century philosopher Charles Hartshorne, Beauty is the cente rpiece of this classical trinity and that nothing in our experience is exempt from the touch of the delightful. Beyond aesthetics, what is beautiful is how one perceives it to be, in that if he or she can find lulu in there. Therefore, the quality of what is beautiful has emerged from mere prettiness or elaborate ornamentation into an instrument of lifespan towards survival in the nonstop evolution of life in this planet.It can be found that the link between biology and beauty has dictated the development of humans and other species. Scientific studies strengthens the debate that the beautiful will emerge as the survivors disposed that their counterparts find them more attractive than the rest and that they are perceived to produce the most beautiful offsprings. In this biological quest for a successful and healthy reproduction process, the preference is indeed given to those mates who appear healthy. A healthy individual is visually manifested in their skin and hair, by the ef fort of their body, by a proportioned and toned body.These are the people judged to be beautiful. If the experts are correct in these assumptions or scientific observations, men usually look for women who appear young and fertile. This is where cosmetics leverage onto. Burke (200375-77) The cosmetic exertion tries to address this so-called need that women continue to appear young despite already going beyond their fertile or child-bearing years. Nevertheless, beyond the need to reproduce our genes, the core of beauty still delves on the ability of a person to identify and bring out the beauty in their lives.We need not nonplus only life in this world, but also generate beauty that will make life even more worthwhile. It is the appreciation of beauty in our surroundings even without the use of any formulate of artificial adornment such as cosmetics that will enable one to realize the beauty of life, that it is worth-knowing and worth accompaniment after all. Given how important t he nation for beauty is perceived across nations, and beyond borders, how cosmetics value this perception and its effects to the human well-being is crucial.Dermatological diseases have sprung in the recent years that come in a range from minor cosmetic problems to even life-threatening problems, as displayed in some disorders unremarkably due to skin differentiation processes. Zeeuwen (2004176). With this statement, one should also be vigilant and be a well-read end-user of these products that attempt to change certain elements of your natural state of appearance or being to some extent. The constabulary of economics reminds us that with in every level of quality increased, price is directly affected as it is directly correlated.

The motorcycle Helmet law Essay Example for Free

The motorcycle Helmet legal philosophy adjudicateMillions of people each(prenominal) everywhere the United States choose motorcycles over automobiles for the thrill, repair, and high performance capabilities. On the early(a) hand, motorcycles are not at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer(prenominal) protection that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of fatalities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could sport been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, many states have adopt the motorcycle helmet truth.The jurisprudence states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when equitation on a motorcycle. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One side supports the law, believing that it protects motorcyclists from hazard and saves the economy a great dea l of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our even out to freedom. However, statistics manoeuver overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly reduce the number of deaths ca utilize by head injury as well as lowering taxes, indemnity rate, and health care costs.Therefore, the helmet law should be put into effect in every state crossways the United States. Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as reducing the severity of any nonfatal injuries to the head. Statistics gathered by the Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises visualize that an unhelmeted rider is 40% more likely to suffer fatal head injuries, compared with a helmeted rider. Also, with the helmet law in effect, close to 100% of motorcyclists wear a helmet. Without the law, only 50% of motorcyclists wear helmets.Also, death rates are twi ce as high in states without the law. One study estimated that because 25 states ratified the law, over 3,300 lives were saved last year alone. Since helmets reduce the risk of injury and death, they go forth also, in tern, help the economy. The wickedness President of Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises, Tim Hoyt, states, We may not be able to eliminate all the risk from motorcycling, but helmet laws greatly reduce the most expensive injuries head injuries. Reducing these costs is expert for the consumer and it Is good for business, too. Health care costs and insurance rates are lowered because it is not as expensive to treat smaller-scale injuries. The government ends up paying a large portion of peoples medical bills because of distinct causes of public assistance programs. Hence, when health care costs are lower, the government does not need as much of our money to pay for those programs and taxes are reduced. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated that o ver $4 million dollars were saved last year as a direct result of the motorcycle helmet law.For these reasons the motorcycle helmet law should indisputably be enforced in every state. If the motorcycle helmet law helps the economy and more significantly saves lives, why doesnt the entire country enforce the law? The answer is, many people feel that the helmet law is a violation of the rights granted to Americans in the Constitution. Most people in opposition to this law do not necessarily believe that it is a wise choice to ride a motorcycle without a helmet and they do recognize the positive impinge the helmet law has created.However, they do not think that the government has the right to tell people that it is mandatory to wear a helmet. One man argues, If we let the government grade things like how we should ride a motorcycle, we will slowly develop characteristics of a communist government. Isnt communism what we fought against for so many years? Because of these strong points of view, a number of states do not endorse the motorcycle helmet law. or so people believe that the motorcycle helmet law violates our freedom as Americans, but the law is actually used to protect us from harm and maintain order.There are limitations on almost everything we do, because a familiarity without some type of laws or rules would be complete chaos. Just as there are speed limits, drinking restrictions, and seatbelt laws to protect us while in an automobile, there needs to be some type of law to protect us while riding on a motorcycle (especially since motorcycles are more dangerous in the first place). Therefore, in response to the opposing argument, the helmet law is not imposing on our Constitutional rights, but merely the governments way of saving money for itself and consumers and protecting riders.The motorcycle helmet law was intentional to lower taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs and more importantly to save the lives of our loved ones. Statistics hav e proved just that. There is not one study that disproves the positive effect the motorcycle helmet law has created thus far. Helmets will not stop a motorcyclist from getting into an accident, but with a helmet, the rider will most likely be able to survive the crash. The extra second it takes to put on a helmet could be the second that saves someones life. Why not make it the law?

Research on adolescent girls who attend different schools Essay Example for Free

Research on jejune girls who at 10d different schools EssayThe break down consists of research on adolescent girls who attend four different schools. These researchers emphasis on accessible expression would be reflected in both quantitative and qualitative measures. The research question Is social experiences are central to the adolescent experience in girls. The hypothesis is social experiences are central to the adolescent experience in girls. The methods the study consists of are orientation session at school that day for the girls who participate in the study. Then they were told that via telecommunicate to go to studys website and complete the forms. The girls were given instructions to complete the activities questionnaire and the writing sample online. They are given till 800pm that night to complete the online forms after school. There were two measurements or instruments that were apply in the study, Activity assessment online and writing sample online. The ap plication assessment online was revised of Pass more than(prenominal) and Frenchs (1998)Lessure questionnaire/revised for their age group. Example from the article was leisure turned into activities less common modified to express or describe their activities for that particular day (Feyberg, 2009). The activity assessment consisted of 3 domains, sense of accomplishment a great deal through competition or a ad hominem challenge ( consummation activities). The second domain is those that are social in nature (social activities). Lastly, the third domain is that promotes relaxation method and is often solitary (relaxation activities) (Feyberg, 2009). The participants were allowed to report up to ten activities for each domain. Then they had to tell the three they spent the most time doing, most enjoyed, most meaningful, and how a great deal they engaged in the activity. Then they were to rate them from 1 to 5. This scale that was used is known as the cinque pose Likert Scale from 1 is being less than 30 minutes and 5 being more than four hours (Feyberg, 2009). Then they were added up to a maximal points of 15 per domain. Participants reported their enjoyment of up to three achievement, social, relaxation activities on a 4 point Liker Scale from 1 (not enjoyable) and four (very enjoyable) for a maximum of 12 points per domain. The next one is degree of meaningful based points of Likert Scale 1 (not meaningful) and 4 (very meaningful). The sound one is to choose if they are engaged in certain activities. They would mark 1 if they were engaged in it and 0 if they are not engaged in it for a maximum of three points (Feyberg, 2009). The secondactivity is a writing assessment written online. Previous research proves that words use convey huge reading about social and emotional processes. The writing samples would provide meaningful information about personal experience and not to be captured by self- report scales. Writing examples is to be written on a w ebsite by the author for the study. They were to think about a personal experience that you participated and have a redeeming(prenominal) recollection of (Feyberg, 2009). The written sample is was needed to be a descriptive of the experience include feelings and could save up as much as they wanted. The written sample examines different in affiliation, achievement, or power themes. individually theme was composed of four subcategories and if the written sample contained at least one of them, it was awarded one point and if all three was in the sample then four points were awarded (Feyberg, 2009).The three themes were afflication, achievement, and narratives. Afflication consisted of four subcategories, positive effect, dialogue, commitments, and throw overboard of code. Achievement theme consisted of achievement imagery, anticipating success, world block, and negative feelings. Narratives theme consisted of general power imagery, increased prestige, begin prestige, and effect. Particapants consisted of 57 adolescent girls who attended four different schools. They ranged from ages 11 to 19 years of age and in grades from 6th to 12th. The girls age ranged from 12 girls 11 to 13 (early adolescent), 22 girls 14-16 (middle adolescent), 23 17 to 19 (late adolescent). 49 describe themselves as white, 4 as African American, 2 as other, and 1 as Hispanic (Feyberg, 2009).The results were evualted by ANOVA. ANOVA showed significant differences for reported time, enjoyment, meaningfulness, and choice in achievement, social, and relaxation activities. Follow up direct contrast demonstrated spent more time in achievement then relaxation. The trend for spending more time in social then relaxation. No significant different in achievement and social. appointment results showed significant main effect found. Follow up reported greater enjoyment in relaxation then achievement. Reports show higher levels of enjoyment in social than in achievement. No significant difference s in the amount of enjoyment reports for social and relaxation. Meaningfulness results show higher levels of achievement than social activities. No reports for meaningfulness for social and relaxation. entailment of social behavior in adolescent girls by the use of twomethods, self-reports, and narrative analysis. Recalling social behavior for adolescent girls, the two methods, which were different in their approaches to understanding adolescent experiences.Although it was predicted that both methods would provide similar information about adolescent social experience. According to the narrative analysis demonstration that participated used more afflication themes than achievement or power theme. the strengths of the experiment was too asked to describe a personal experience, so researches could identify their narratives. The flunk is that they only test this on girls. The limitations of the study were that they examine one gender due to likelihood of an disable across-group comp arison. Study demonstrated that quantities and qualitative methods were not significantly correlated with one another (Feyberg, 2009). One confidential information I could say would benefit is examine this same study on boys.ReferenceFreyberg, R. (2009). Quantitive and Qualitive Measures of Behavior in Adolescent Girls. Adolescene, 44(173),33-54.

Team assignment Essay Example for Free

Team denomination EssayJohnDescribe which cranial orbit you chose urban, suburban, or rural.Describe the local form of government and let on the major elected officials of your selected area.Rural AreaA Rural area is a geographic area located outside of cities or towns. It is also classified as encompassing all population, housing, territory non included within an urban area. Rural areas have a low population density and gnomish settlements.Local governments are structured in accordance with the laws of the various individual states. Each state has at least two separate tiers of government counties and municipalities. Some states are divided even further into townships. The diametric types of local reflect the levels of population density examples include urban center, town, borough and village. Some of the major elected officials are city council, town board, or board of aldermen.GinoIdentify the major public constitution make loves, current events, and challenges this government faces and analyze one in depth. Discuss how the state government is addressing the issue you selected.Major public policy issue Gay Lesbian marriage -many people versus the state law suits are now being perceive at the Supreme Court. Congress is in a current session to create or cross their rights to be married.Challenge government faces today segregation between parties old world mentality scant(p) financial spending unreasonable government control over state lawsCurrentEvent hoagy Control -multitude public shootings have outraged the nation as congress re-evaluates the nations right to bear mail. What kinds of arms are allowed and which should be illegalized.Tyler + putting togetherPower pointProvide realistic solutions to the public policy issues, current events, and challenges this government faces.One of the biggest public issues I see currently is gun control.Stricter background checks cross magazine capacity

Gambling and Pathological Problem Essay Example for Free

play and pathological Problem look forPrior to the slip of paper studies and research reports by known psychologist of our time, dramatic play is see as an act of mountain pass away the time in a friendly atmosphere of playing for m angiotensin converting enzymey. When gambling is becoming a habit for someone, gambling started to connote as an act that is bad, especially when the person involved in gambling supposes his money allocated for the need of his family for food and rent. This connotation would only come in such cases that ar already of the extreme. But basically gambling is seen then, as it is right now, as a way of diversion from the tonal pattern of necessity of daily living.This is one the closes why governments allowed the buildings of casinos and the existence of other forms of gambling wherein people can bet and probably win huge sum of money. On the other hand, when is the time when one could tell one is diseased gambler? This question has been an is sue that has been asked and a subject of inquiry of many psychologists and scientists. Or is thither really such a involvement as a pathological gambler? When can we mount that a person is already suffering from a pathological disease called gambling? gambol as a PathologyHistoryIt is only during the advent of twentieth century when thither rose an interest from the dampen of psychoanalysts on the act of gambling (Rosenthal, 2003). Starting in 1914, these scientists contributed enormous case studies, research reports, and speculative essays by which patients marked as gamblers were identified as gabling addicts. The almost prominent of these psychoanalysts was Freud who displayed a severicular interest in to why people would consciously seek for themselves a way to repeatedly engage in a self-destructive gambling behavior.He believed that these gamblers ar not really for the money per se when they take officipate in a gambling game but they gamble for the sake of gambling it self, which psychologists term now as the action. It was Freud who labeled gambling as an addiction, forming a triad along with alcohol and illegal drugs (Freud, 2002). On a cursory look at the state by which gamblers go on with their habit, we can thus say that gamblers, one way or another, is a participant in the process by which they abuse themselves by going to casino everyday to lose huge money, which include probably money allocated for their rent and food.As the years went on, concern about gambling tended to give to a greater extent focus on the gamblers personal attributes rather on the economic and social consequences of the act. Those who are involved with gambling began to be considered as hassle gamblers. If the gamblers problem with his habit becomes chronic, the problem gambler was seen already as a compulsive gambler. This term compulsive gambler is the early term used to describe pathological gambler according to National Research Council (U. S. ).Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Gambling Pathology Effects The best definition concerning the problem of gambling that has reached wide acceptance in the world, particularly Australia, as mentioned by Hsu (2005) the situation when a persons gambling activity gives leap to harm to the individual player, and/or to his or her family, and may extend into community. In Australia for example as describe by Productivity Commission (1999) thither is an estimated 1% of the Australian population who has a severe problem with gambling.An additional 1. 1% have moderate problem thus creating a 2. 1% of problem gamblers in the whole Australia. Basing from the definition cited above, the pathology of gambling can be widespread and creates a great impact on the individual. The personal consequences of having a problem with gambling according to Leseiur (1996 cited in Hsu, 2005) can be depression, insomnia, anxiety attacks, cardiac problem, intestinal disorders, high blood pressure, migraine and suicidal tendencies.He mentioned that the family of the problem gambler can in addition bear the cost of, in particular the financial burden. When the problem gambler gets into debt because of his/her unmitigated habit or addiction to gambling, this would mean less family expenditures, overdue bills, utilities universe cut off, personal or family belongings being sold or repossessed, or on an extreme case the family is left homeless (Hsu, 2005). Gambling Pathology psychological science Over the past several years there has been a collective effort to understand the psychological science of problem gamblers.The focus of these case studies and researches focus on the role of negative effect, personality factors, concurrent disorders, fire differences and role of cognitions. The relationship of pathological gambling with the depressive mood state of the person is probably one of the most seen predispositions as to becoming a problem gambler. The studies in this area have produced somewhat impertinent results. The reason for his is because some of the case studies failed to find any connection with depression to gambling. Yet, at the resembling time, there are research reports that stated otherwise.These reports found that there is a co-occurrence of depression to the problem of gambling. At the same time, there are studies that discovered that there is a link between gambling and anxiety or psychoneuroticness. This involves the psychological process of the person wherein he gives a lot of time developing gambling strategies and gaming behavior. Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that problem gamblers get a high score significantly on measures concerning obsessive-compulsiveness. muckle with obsessive-compulsive behavior have excessive preoccupation with gambling-related thoughts. In the case of Frost et al. (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) they experimented with obsessive-compulsive facto rs in lottery and resulted to the confirmation of Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) findings that pathological gamblers display more symptoms of being obsessive-compulsiveness. Meanwhile, there is conclude evidence that there is a relationship between gambling behavior and ones impulse for excitement arousal.This psychological aspect of problem gamblers has received an equivocal empirical support according to Toneatto and Millar (2004). Nevertheless, there are still results that come up with contrary findings regarding the aspect of desire for an aroused state. The explanation to these conflicting results is that sensation seeking level of every gambler differs across gambling activities. One more thing is that since gambling is not a homogeneous activity, the desire for an arousal of sensation may be more prominent or greater in some types of gambling activities than others.Moreover, sensation seeking on the part of the gamblers may be a state rather than a t rait. On the other hand, the hypothesis of there is an association between impulsivity and disordered gambling follows with natural ease from being included in the list of pathological gambling among the list of impulse disorder as stated by Toneatto and Millar (2004). There are research reports that demonstrated that pathological gamblers get higher score on indices of impulsivity as compared with research have got subjects.Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that impulsivity could be conceptualized and measured as a multi-faceted construct that take into account the such behaviors as orientation to the present, decreased in the ability to delay gratification, behavioral disinhibition, too much guess and sensation seeking, proneness to boredom, and lastly poor planning abilities by the problem gambler. There are in like manner results from other significant research reports that identify relationships between gambling pathology and mental health disorders, par ticularly those of meat use disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders and ADHD.Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that subjects who have a history or priming coat of gist abuse and had gambling problem reported increased levels of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. In the meantime, according to a more recent case study performed by Ladd and Perry (2003 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that problem gamblers with history of undergoing treatment for substance abuse has reported to be suffering from depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation and attempts.They also have difficulty lordly violent behavior as compared with pathological gamblers who had no previous history of being treated for substance abuse. Conclusion The study on the issue of a problem gambler just started during the advent of the twentieth Century and this subject has been the favorite subject of psychoanalyst. Freud (2003) la beled it as a form of addiction and part of the triad which includes alcohol and illicit drugs. This addiction would later be termed as compulsive gambling which result later on evolved into a more specific kind of behavior called pathological gambling.The are case studies that tried to explain the psychology of a pathological gambler and experts discovered that these individuals exhibit certain stratum of obsessive-compulsiveness and other personality behavior. Another point that must be understood is that these person are commonly seeking sensation arousal when they commit themselves to gamble.ReferencesFreud, S. (2002). The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Penguin Group, New York Hsu, C. (2005). Casino Industry in Asia Pacific Development, Operation, and Impact.Haworth Press, Binghampton National Research Council (U. S. ). Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Pathological Gambling A Critical Review. National Academy Press, Washington, D . C. Productivity Commission (1999). Australias Gambling Industries. Vol. 1-3 Rosenthal, R. (2003). Dual Dianosis. Brunner-Routledge, New York Toneatto, T. and Millar, G. (2004). Assessing and Treating Problem Gambling Empirical Status and Promising Trends. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 49 (8), 417-525

Psychology Adrian Monk Essay Example for Free

Psychology Adrian monk EssayAdrian monastic, portrayed by actor Tony Shalhoub, is the main character in the USA Network series MONK. Monk is a antecedent homicide detective for the San Francisco Police Department, suffering from an dread overturn known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as numerous phobias. After Monks wife was murdered, his disorder worsened steer to his suspension from the police force. When the series opens, Monk works as a private police homicide advisor and undergoes therapy to over bed his anxiety disorder and phobias. He is assisted by a private nurse who helps him know with his disability on the job.Part OneCase Study Character Background The installing happy Birthday Mr. Monk show ups that Monk, born October, 17, 1959, is a California man of Welsh ancestry. Monk is 50 old age old, and was born in Marin County, CA. He stated, His alma mater is the University of California, Berkley. His p atomic number 18nts were genuinely strict and authoritarian. Monks father laborer Monk abandoned the family when Monk was eight years old. Jack s forethought that he was going to sting Chinese food, besides he never came back. Ambrose Monk, Monks br separate, is agoraphobic and afr countenance to go start in reality. Monks mom died in 1994.Be induce of these childhood family events, Monk is already a real sensitive and fragile person. Mr. Monk dislikes unorganized, rude, soily, and filthy people. He in like manner dislikes murderers, people who commit evil acts, and criminals on the loose. That is the reason he became a homicide detective. Mr. Monk likes people who help otherwises, such(prenominal) as his physician and Trudy. In addition, he likes organized, clean, and tidy people. Mr. Monks strength is that he is a very clever detective. convinced(p), he has an amazing photographic memory, which helps him catch criminals.His weakness is that he has many phobias, which affect his performance as a detective. Mr. M onk doesnt corroborate any friends because of the weird and odd behaviors caused by his OCD. His family consists of his assistants/nurses Sharona, and then Natalie. He also works with people in the homicide department, namely Captain Leland Stottlemeyer and Lieutenant Randy Disher. Stressors/Pathology Mr. Monk does non have any relationships with anyone, mainly because of his odd behaviors. He acts strangely in front people because of his OCD. In the episode Mr.Monk Makes A New Friend he annoys a new friend by craft him too oft time. Monk apologizes himself, stating, I slewt not call him or hear his voice. It is very annoying to call a friend every hour. That is one testple of how Mr. Monk has difficulty with individualised relationships. His wife, Trudy Monk, with whom he had a meaningful relationship, died in a car bomb. Before his wifes death, Mr. Monks OCD symptoms had alleviated. After Trudy was murdered, the OCD symptoms intensified, and those around him could clearl y see that he had issues, which affected his job performance and light-emitting diode to his isolation.When the series begins, Mr. Monks condition is somewhat stable, but his lives in an overly organized apartment. The battle Monk faces daily is how to make it through the day with his OCD. He tries to avoid everything that makes him uncomfortable or is viewed as a threat. Mr. Monk stresses over the fact that every room must be neat and tidy. Plus everything must be a multiple of 10 for example he buys a box of eggs, which contains 12 eggs and deliberately throws two eggs away. Mr. Monk doesnt have any history of this disorder, but his brother was agoraphobic.Symptoms Other symptoms of OCD manifest themselves typically as ritual behavior such as continual hand washing. Mr. Monk engages to wash his hands every time he touches an object or shakes a hand. He becomes obsessed with shapes. For example, his toast has to be a perfect square. Numbers occupy his time. As mentioned above, e verything must come in multiples of 10. He has the typical preoccupation with dirt and germs. For example, he cant stay in an untidy or dirty room he has to tidy it up. Mr. Monk is panicky of germs, milk, dust, and heights. So what Mr.Monk does all day is try to stay away from all of these precautions. These symptoms never emerged in the series rather, the viewer is led to believe that Mr. Monk had OCD since he was born. However, the viewer is also informed in conversations with the police sergeant and with Monks nurse and therapist that what triggered this disorder was the murder of his wife. Immediately later his wife died, his disorder worsened. Outcome of Case Monks goodyment was to go to Dr. Charles Kroger for psychotherapy that would aid him to cope with his disorder. In the sessions, Mr.Monk talks about what he did during the day and the goals he accomplished. The treatment is not entirely effective, but it helps Mr. Monk relax and get all the stress out. In the vast ter m, Mr. Monk cannot overcome his disorder because he cannot imagine that he can be cured. In addition, he is not a risk taker, meaning he could never do anything that would make him uncomfortable. Because of this, there is little foretaste that he will be able to completely overcome his disorder. This makes sense because his disorder is inherited, and not attributed to environgenial causes.Part TwoDisease Diagnostic Criteria obsessional Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a pattern of take place obsessions and compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming and interfere with a persons daily functioning. They must cause marked distress (such as pain or physical damage to the person) or significant impairment. Usually, they take more than one hour of a persons time. It is crucial to specify whether or not the affected role has poor insight, meaning that the person does not realize that the obsessions or compulsions are unreasonable or excessive.At some point, the person must rea lize that their obsessions and compulsions are not reasonable (i. e. , normal). Obsessions are consistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or stress (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3). Most common obsessions are about contaminant with dirt or germs, repeated doubts, a need to have things in a particular order, horrible impulse, the need to shout obscene words, or sexual impulses. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors which people do to reduce the anxiety or distress of the obsessions.For example, repeated hand washing is a compulsion, which satisfies the obsession of repeated thoughts of contamination from dirt. For a complete list of Diagnostic Criteria from the DSM IV-TR, see Appendix A. Etiology (Causes) Nearly 1 to 2 part of the population suffers from OCD. Most of those begin to be afflicted in early adulthood, and it is often preceded by a particularly stressful event such as pregnancy, childbirth, or fami ly conflict. It whitethorn be closely associated with depression, with the disorder developing soon after a bout of depression or the depression developing as aresult of the disorder.Men and women are equally affected. A fairly high proportion (as much as 50 percent) do not marry (Baldridge 2001). Although obsessive-Compulsive Disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood, it whitethorn begin in childhood. Modal age at onset is earlier in males than in females between ages 6 and 15 years for males and between ages 20 and 29 years for females. For the to the highest degree part, onset is gradual, but acute onset has been historied in some cases. The majority of individuals have a chronic waxing and waning trend, with exacerbation of symptoms that may be related to stress.About 15% show progressive deterioration in occupational and social functioning. About 5% have an episodic course with minimal or no symptoms between episodes (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) No cause for OCD has b een isolated. Four theories exist which try to explain the basis of OCD psychologically guiltiness, anxiety, and superstition. 1) The theory of guilt has its origins in Freudian psychoanalysis. Freud believed that patients with OCD certain repetitive rituals, such as hand washing, to replace obsessive thoughts about sex.The obsessive ritual, then, was seen as a way to replace the guilt of being overwhelmed by forbidden, sexual thoughts. 2) The anxiety hypothesis poses that OCD behaviors develop to reduce anxiety. Many thought or live up to patterns emerge as a way of escape from stress, such as daydreaming during an exam or cleaning ones room rather than studying for a test. If the stress is long lasting, then a compulsive behavior may set in. 3) The superstition theory proposes a friendship between a chance association and a reinforcer that induces a continuation of that behavior.In other words, a particular obsessive-compulsive ritual may be reinforced when a positive conclus ion follows the behavior anxiety results when the ritual is interrupted. 4) A fourth theory is accepted by those who believe that mental disorders are the result of something physically or physiologically amiss in the sufferer, employing data from brain social organization studies, genetics, and biochemistry. Brain chemistry has been found to be altered in those suffering from OCD, along with increased metabolous activity.In addition, relatives of OCD sufferers are twice as likely as unrelated individuals to develop the same disorder, indicating that the dip for the behavior could be inheritable (Baldridge 2001). Treatments OCD is one of the most difficult disorders to treat. Treatments usually fall into four categories psychotherapy, behavioural therapy, drug therapy, and psychosurgery. The goal of psychotherapy in treating OCD is to find and then remove an assumed repression so that the patient can deal honestly and openly with whatever is actually feared.It is hoped that in dea ling with the fear, the compulsions that have developed to replace the fear will lessen. The most effective type of psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder is behavioural therapy. It can help by desensitizing the patient to the feared object or situation. For example, the therapist will aid the patient in replacing the symptoms of the obsession or compulsion with preventive or replacement actions, such as a non vocal, internal shout of stop when obsessive thoughts enter the mind or the action of snapping a rubber band on the wrist.Behavioral therapy may also help by gradually lengthening the time between the stimulus and response. For example, a patient may hold dirt and then gradually lengthen the amount of time after which he or she will wash his or her hands. While behavioral treatment can help to control OCD, it does not cure the disorder. Drugs used to treat OCD include antidepressants, tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), LDS, and tryptophan. Antidepressa nts help by reducing depression by correcting the serotonin abnormality in the brain, which may decrease the need for compulsive behavior.MAOIs may help OCD associated with panic attacks, phobias, and severe anxiety. With drug therapy, it should be noted that when the drugs are stopped, the patient often returns to the obsessive-compulsive behavior. Psychosurgery to reduce OCD is a last resort. The patient would undergo a lobotomy in which the frontal cortex would be separated from the lower brain area in an 8-centimeter square area. A combination of behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and drug therapy is recommended. General Research Behavioral treatments are new ways to deal with the disorder.For example, someone with an obsession about germs might be asked to practice treatment dirt and then not washing his hands for increasing lengths of time. With repeated exposure to the anxiety-provoking object or situation without performing the compulsion, usually the anxiety lessens, and the compulsion weakens its hold. Obsessions can fall into one of five categories 1. Obsessive doubts, which are persistent doubts that a task has been completed. 2. Obsessive thinking, which is an almost infinite chain of thought, targeting future events.Obsessive impulses, which are very strong urges to perform certain actions, whether they be trivial or wicked, that would likely be harmful to the obsessive person or someone else and that are socially unacceptable. 4. Obsessive fears, which are thoughts that the person has lost control and will act in some way that will cause public embarrassment. 5. Obsessive images, which are continued visual pictures of either a real or an imagined event. (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) Compulsions on the other hand are repeated, ritualized behaviors.For example, fearing one has forgotten to turn off an appliance, such as a stove, is a common obsession. It is likely to be accompanied by a compulsion to check repeatedly, perhaps hundreds of times each day, per haps to see if the appliance has been turned off. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors, the goal of which is to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress, not to provide pleasure or gratification. In most cases, the person feels driven to perform the compulsion to reduce the distress that accompanies an obsession or to prevent some dread event or situation.For example, those with obsessions about being contaminated may reduce their mental distress by washing their hands until their skin is raw. There is difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). A personality disorder is, on the one hand, a type of mental illness characterized by serious and persistent distortions in the total personality. Every perception, attitude, feeling and behavior is affected. OCD, on the other hand, is an anxiety disorder. bid other anxiety disorders, fear is at its rootfear of a hot appliance earnest down the house, for example, or fear of the body being contaminated by germ s.The fear produces an anxiety which can only be alleviated by a ritual, or compulsion, which will reduce the fear. Conclusion rating of Case In conclusion, Adrian Monk has Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. He satisfies the following OCD patterns of behavior 1. Washer, because he is afraid of contamination 2. Checker, because Mr. Monk repeatedly checks if the door is locked, or whether the oven is turned off. Mr. Monk checks everything a dozen time serious to make sure. For example, he checks his oven if it is closed everyday at least twelve times 3.Arranger, because he unendingly arranges his utensils based on size and shape and his books based on color. He cannot function in a messy room or disorganized room. In addition, Mr. Monk has other phobias, such as fear of blood and fear of the woods. He is terrified of germs, milk, heights, and spiders. Mr. Monk has a rule that everything he has must come as a multiple of ten. When he buys milk, he gets 10 bottles even though he lives j ust and the milk will expire before he has time to drink it all. Monks symptoms may improve with therapy, but his OCD will not completely resolve.